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EN
The use of transgenic mammals for the production of therapeutic proteins was developed over two decades ago, and a number of proteins have been produced in the milk of animals. Therapeutic proteins produced in eggs of transgenic hens have significant advantages over transgenic mammalian systems, including: regular high eggs production, large number of progeny, short generation times, sterile contents of the eggs produced by specific pathogen free chickens and, well characterization of the regulatory sequences of white protein genes similar to human glycosylation of chicken IgGs, etc. In this overview, recent progress in the development of chicken bioreaktors was presented.
EN
The studies focused on the mechanism of autotetraploid plant occurrence in a hybrid progeny obtained from crossing geographically distant white lupin subspecies.It has been found that autotetraploid plants occurred : a) parthenogenetically - through dupllication of chromosome number in an unreduced megaspore; b) amphimitically - due to duplication of chromosome number in part of somatic cells: in sectors with a doubled chromosome number there occur 2n gametes.Tetraploid plants occurred parthenogenetically died in the next generation, wheres those occurred amphimitically on chimera plants appeared to be viable.Autotetraploid plants in comparison to diploid forms flowered and matured later were less fertile and characterized by larger seeds.
EN
Chimera is a composite organism, consisting of cells derived from more than one embryo. The first experimental chimera was produced in 1961 and until today, chimeric animals have been widely used in mammalian experimental embryology. Numerous aggregation and injection techniques have been used to produce chimeras. Although most experimental chimeras were made of murine embryos, chimeric animals have been also produced in such species as: rat, hamster, deer mouse, rabbit, pig, sheep and in cattle. Some successful attempts to produce interspecific chimeras have been also made. Pigmentation is still widely used as a marker of chimerism, but new transgenic markers are now available. New methods emplying chimeric technique, like blastocyst complementation assay and lethal phenotypes rescue, provide new insights into developmental genetics. Nowadays, chimeric embryos are also likely to play a major role in the production of transgenic animals with the help of chimeric cloning technique.
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