In recent years mushroom polysaccharides have been extensively investigated according to their unique biological activity. Among them polysaccharides from Hericium erinaceum (Hydnaceae) are well known as anti-tumor and cholesterol reducing agents as well as growth and differentiation of adrenal nerve cells stimulators. In Poland, H. erinaceum is restricted only to several areas and is considered endangered species. Thus mycelium and culture broth obtained from submerged in vitro culture could be an excellent source of polysaccharides. The review describes methods of isolation, purification and analysis of mushroom polysaccharides and summarizes data about biological activities of Hericium erinaceum polysaccharides.
The influence of sucrose concentration (10 and 30 g l-1), low level of nitrogen salts (1/8 KNO3, 1/8 NH3NO4), auxins (IBA 1 mg l-1 + IAA 1 mg l-1 + NAA 0,01 mg l-1), and temperature (15?C, 20?C) on the rooting in vitro and acclimatization in the greenhouse of two cultivars ('Jadwiga', 'Professor Wojcicki') of Paeonia lactiflora were investigated. The level of endogenous carbohydrates in the peony shoots and roots during the rooting and acclimatization phases were analysed. There were a higher rooting and acclimatization percentage of 'Professor Wojcicki' cultivar than 'Jadwiga' cultivar . Also, more roots were produced by shoots of 'Professor Wojcicki' cultivar . The presence of auxins in the medium and the higher concentration of sucrose (30 g l-1) stimulated number of roots/shoot. On the other hand, the higher rooting percentage was found on the auxin?free medium in the presence of high level of sucrose. The shoots of 'Professor Wojcicki' rooted best when cultured at 20?C, but the shoots of 'Jadwiga' at lower temperature - 15?C. During the rooting stage, the major sugars detected in the peony microplants were sucrose, glucose and fructose. After four weeks of acclimatization, the plantlets accumulated starch and showed strong inhibition of shoot growth, and dormant buds were developed.
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