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Prioritization of the biomarkers to be analyzed in the French biomonitoring program

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Fillol C., Garnier R., Mullot J.-U., Boudet C., Momas I., Salmi L. R., Vandentorren S.
Biomonitoring
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2014
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vol. 1
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issue 1
EN
The aim of this work was to develop a comprehensive prioritization method to select the biomarkers to be monitored in the French national biomonitoring program. The first step consisted in building an exhaustive list of biomarkers. The next step involved prioritizing the initial list of biomarkers according to specific scientific questions about human exposure to chemicals in the environment, and meet logistical, feasibility and budgetary constraints. The Delphi consensus method was used to prioritize biomarkers and was developed in three phases: i) the definition of relevant criteria for selecting biomarkers; ii) the prioritization of the biomarker list based on these criteria and iii) the validation of the list by the stakeholders. Among the eight relevant criteria for selecting biomarkers, hazard identification and social perception were the highest-rated and lowestrated criteria, respectively. After scoring each criterion for each group of biomarkers, and discussing the relative ranking of each group during a round table meeting, the final prioritized list obtained contained both historic (e.g. dioxins or lead) and emerging substances (e.g. phthalates, bisphenol A). Combining rigor and flexibility, our method has clearly helped to build a prioritized list shared and supported by many international actors.
2
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From Cradle to the Grave: Tissue-specific microRNA signatures in detecting clinical progression of diabetes

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Farr R., Taylor C. J., Satoor S. N., Williams M. D., Joglekar M. V.
Non-coding RNAs in Endocrinology
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2014
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vol. 1
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issue 1
EN
Ever since the discovery of small non-coding RNAs, microRNAs have been identified to play a critical role in development and function of pancreatic insulin-producing beta cells. Research carried out until now demonstrates that microRNAs can specifically target key pancreatic transcription factors and signalling molecules. This in turn may influence changes in insulin production and secretion. microRNAs are also identified in insulin target organs that are altered as a result of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Recent studies demonstrate that microRNAs are not only confined to cells but are also detected in biological fluids including serum, plasma and urine. These data indicate that miRNAs may be looked upon having a dual role, as biomarkers and as regulators of disease. We review the existing literature in understanding the role of microRNAs in development, function and death of pancreatic beta cells as well as in the development of metabolic disease. We discuss the possible mechanisms that contribute to identifying the role of microRNAs as sensitive and efficient biomarkers to predict the progression of diabetes. Understanding tissue-specific microRNA signatures and their role as a cause or effect of diabetes would provide more information on progression of this disease.
3
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The role of genetic and other biomarkers in NSCLC prognosis

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Schveigert D., Cicenas S., Bublevic J., Askinis R., Sapoka V., Didziapetriene J.
Open Medicine
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2014
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vol. 9
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issue 3
382-390
EN
The development of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a multistep process, which is triggered and maintained by various factors. Many steps of non-small-cell lung carcinogenesis, risk factors and biomarkers have been identified; however no consistent model has been established of personalized medicine for these patients. Distinct various gene expression, products of mutated genes and other markers such as circulating nucleic acids or tumor cells has been proven to be potential biomarkers of non-small cell lung cancer as well as potential targets for new treatment strategies. This article will highlight promising biomarkers in non-small cell lung cancer prognosis.
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