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1

Effects of dietary crude protein on slaughter yield of selected broiler stocks

100%
Melo J. E., Miquel M. C., Mallo G., Ciacciariello M., Villar E.
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issue 3
219-231
EN
The objective of this paper was to determine the differences in yield and body composition between a commercial strain (COM) and a weakly selected strain (FR) of broilers at two slaughter ages on diets differing in protein content. There were 306 males reared on litter floor pens, fed ad libitum, and randomly assigned to 16 pens in a 2 x 2 factorial design with 4 repetitions. The diets were HP (high protein): 20.5% protein to 6 weeks of age and 16.9% from then on; LP (low protein): 16.9% protein all the time. At 50 and 71 days, four broilers from each pen were taken at random, fasted, killed, slaughtered and the following weights were recorded: live weight, eviscerated carcass, abdominal fat, feathers, blood, small intestine, large intestine, gizzard, proventriculus, liver, breast, thighs and heart. Analyses of variance for traits and for their proportions to live weight were done. The model included genotype, diet, genotype x diet and replicate. The genotypes differed in live weight and growth patterns, COM showing a higher proportion of commercial cut weight and FR a higher digestive organ and relative feather weight at older ages. The low protein diet affected COM genotypes more than FR genotypes, probably because there was a difference in protein requirements.
2

Chromosomal abnormalities in early embryos and commercial chicks and hatchability in reproduction flocks of layer and broiler hens

75%
Jaszczak K., Jaszczak J.
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vol. 34
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issue 3
287-293
EN
The frequency of chromosomal abnornalities in 16-18 hour embryos and one-day commercial chicks from parental flocks of layer (Astra S) and broiler (Astra B) hens as well as results of fertilization and hatchability in these flocks were compared. A karyotype analysis of Astra S showed that 6.5% of the embroys and 2.6% of the chicks were with chromosomal abnormalities. In the flock of Astra B hens only 3.0% of the embryos and 1.1% of the chicks had abnormal karyotype.Triploidy and chimerism were the most frequently identified abnormalities in both Astra A and Astra B flocks. No significant differences in the frequency of particular types of chromosomal aberrations were found between Astra S and Astra B flocks, except translocation and which were observed only among Astra S hens. The percentage of hatchability from set and fertile eggs in Astra S flock was 80.5 and 84.8 and that in Astra B was 84.3 and 88.3, respectively. The revealed differences in the frequency of chromosome aberrations and in the hatchability between the studied flocks of layer and broiler hens may result from genetic make-up of the strains and lines utilized for production of cross-bred chicken, such as the parental stocks of Astra S and Astra B.
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