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1

Influence of substrate on fluctuation of lipolytic activity and parameters of activated sludge

100%
Wiechetek A., Turek S. J., Choinski D., Georgi M., Miksch K.
Biotechnologia
|
2008
|
issue 3
159-173
EN
Lipids are important and burdensome organic constituents of most wastewater. The amount of lipids in municipal wastewater is approximately 30-40% of the total organic matter, measured as chemical oxygen demand (COD). Lipids can form oil films on the surface of activated sludge flocks, preventing the diffusion of oxygen and causing problems in the pumping and aeration systems with development of filamentous microorganisms. The current practice to improve the biodegradation of lipids is bioaugmentation, with the addition of microorganisms or enzyme preparations for wastewater treatment. Influence of substrate on fluctuation of lipolytic activity and parameters of activated sludge were studied. The activated sludge was bred from biological uses to bioaugmentation process. Enzymatic activities of activated sludge formed the schema: first, the maximum of lipolytic activity with respirometric activity were observed, next, the highest was dehydrogenases activity. It could be caused by a change of the metabolic path in Pseudomonas fluorescens cells, which includes replacement of TCA cycle by glyoxylate cycle. This replacement requires higher metabolic energy, so high lipolytic activity was connected with respirometric activity. The influence of pH on enzymatic activity of activated sludge was studied. The most effective method to remain stable pH in the chamber of reactor (6,5 ? 7,0) was buffered inflow with KH2PO4/NaOH.
2

Effectiveness of different amendments in bioremediation of soil contaminated with organochlorine pesticides

100%
Baczynski T., Krylow M., Malachowska-Jutsz A., Stobiecki T.
Biotechnologia
|
2008
|
issue 2
162-173
EN
Bioremediation of soil contaminated with pesticides g-HCH (lindane), DDT and p,p'-DMDT (methoxychlor) has been studied in batch tests. The treatments included different combinations of the following amendments: carbon source, reducing agent, zero-valent iron, surfactant and anaerobic biomass (methanogenic granular sludge or fermented sewage sludge). The tests seeded with both types of anaerobic biomass showed high removal of all pesticides. DDT was transformed into DDD, but accumulation of this metabolite was considerably lower than that resulting from stoichiometric reaction. Addition of a surfactant together with anaerobic biomass further enhanced the effectiveness of the process.
3

Granulation of activated sludge in SBR reactor

100%
Wojnowska-Bary?a I., Cydzik-Kwiatkowska A., Szatkowski M., Gutowski L.
Biotechnologia
|
2010
|
issue 1
161-170
EN
The effect of bioaugmentation with nitrifying bacteria on activated sludge granulation in column SBR was determined. Two reactors (R1, R2), operating at hydraulic retention time of 0.62 d, wastewater exchange ratio of 80%, and settling time of 5 minutes, were employed for the removal of organic, nitrogen and phosphorus compounds from the mixture of synthetic wastewater and wastewater from sludge dewatering (COD/N = 2.4). After 50 days of cultivation, mature granules appeared. In the last stage of the experiment COD, nitrogen and phosphorus load was about 0.3 g CODg TSS-1cycle-1, 0.08 g Ng TSS-1cycle-1, and 0.02 g Pg TSS-1cycle-1. COD and phosphorus removal rates were at the level of 60 and 50%, respectively. Bioaugmentation positively influenced nitrification efficiency in the reactor.
4

Bioremedation of soil contamined with petroleum products

75%
Nowak J.
Biotechnologia
|
2008
|
issue 1
97-108
EN
Bioremediation is a process by which microoorganisms degrade or transform the environmental contaminants into less toxic forms. A wide variety of bacterial and fungal genera are known to be capable of degrading, and in many cases, completely mineralizing chemical substances present in petroleum products at present. Three types of bioremediation are predominant in the industry: natural attenuation, biostimulation and bioaugmentation. Selecting the most appropriate strategy to treat a specific site can be quided by considering three basic principles: the amenability of the pollutant to biological transformation to less toxic products, the accessibility of contaminant to microorganisms (bioavailabilty) and the opportunity for optimization of biological activity. Microbial activity is affected by a range of environmental factors, including nutrients, moisture content, pH, temperature, and oxygen concentration. Different aspects of bacterial degradation of petroleum contaminants in soil and how to improve the efficiency and reproducibility are discussed in this review.
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