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Behavioral evaluation of ischemic damage to CA1 hippocampal neurons: Effects of preconditioning

100%
Duszczyk M., Ziembowicz A., Gadamski R., Lazarewicz J. W.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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2006
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vol. 66
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issue 4
311-319
EN
In Mongolian gerbils, global forebrain ischemia induces enhanced locomotor activity and the disruption of nest building immediately after the insult, followed by damage to hippocampal neurons developing 3 days later. Preconditioning by a brief episode of sublethal ischemia induces the protection of CA1 hippocampal neurons against a lethal ischemic insult. We examined how preconditioning with 2-min ischemia affects disturbances in the nest building behavior and locomotor activity induced by the injurious 3-min ischemia. Morphological examination confirmed that preconditioning significantly reduced neuronal damage in CA1 evoked by injurious ischemia. Behavioral studies demonstrated that preconditioning reduced the locomotor hyperactivity and latency in nest building after test ischemia, in comparison to sham or naive animals. The results indicate that the nest building test and measurement of locomotor activity may be used for an early in vivo prediction of the extent of ischemic brain damage and tolerance induced by ischemic preconditioning.
2
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Maternal behavior in a genetic animal model of absence epilepsy

100%
Dobryakova Y. V., Dubynin V. A., van_ L. G.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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2008
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vol. 68
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issue 4
502-508
EN
In this study we quantified maternal behavior in genetic epileptic rats with deficiencies in the DA system known to be involved in maternal behavior in order to assess whether these rats have disturbances in maternal care. Wistar Albino Glaxo/Rijswijk (WAG/Rij) rats, a genetic model for generalized absence epilepsy and Wistar rats were compared. Maternal behavior parameters and activity scores were quantified from post-natal day (PND) 4-6 in an open field in the presence of pups. WAG/Rij rats had less approaches to the pups and higher latencies of approaching them compared to Wistar, while locomotion showed a different pattern over days. This confirms the hypothesis that animals with absence epilepsy show more poor maternal behavior and that these effects cannot be solely attributed to differences in locomotor activity. It is proposed that the reduction in maternal care is attributed to low activity in the mesolimbic DA system.
3
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Effects of intra-hippocampal D-AP5 injections on one trial passive avoidance learning in adult laying hens (Gallus gallus domesticus)

88%
Krause T. E., Naguib M., Petow S.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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2008
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vol. 68
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issue 4
494-501
EN
Domestic chickens are an established model organism for studies on learning and memory. Commonly, the chicks are used as subjects in several different learning tests, including one trial learning tests. However, for adult laying hens no such one trial learning tests have been established. In particular, there is no test established which focuses on the role of the hippocampus, a brain region, which is often critically involved in learning and memory consolidation. In this study we investigated the inhibitory effects of intra-hippocampal D-AP5 injections on a specific one trial passive avoidance learning test in adult laying hens (Gallus gallus domesticus). We used a step down avoidance learning paradigm (SDA) which is frequently used in rodents. Intra-hippocampal injections of D-AP5 impaired the learning abilities of adult laying hens compared to sham-injected control subjects. Thus, the experiments revealed that the hippocampus is critically involved in learning the inhibitory SDA task. Our results further indicate that the step down avoidance paradigm is suitable to examine learning and memory processes in adult laying hens.
4
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St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) counteracts deleterious effects of the chronic restraint stress on recall in rats

75%
Trofimiuk E., Walesiuk A., Braszko J. J.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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2006
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vol. 66
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issue 2
129-138
EN
This study aimed at verifying a hypothesis that St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) alleviates stress-induced memory impairments. Administration of Hypericum perforatum (350 mg kg-1 daily for 21 days) significantly enhanced recall of passive avoidance behavior (PAB), but had no effect on the acquisition of conditioned avoidance responses (CARs). Rats stressed chronically (2 h daily for 21 days) displayed diminished recall of the PAB and this effect was abolished by St John's wort. Chronic administration of the ?equivalent' to the stress dose of exogenous corticosterone (5 mg kg-1 daily for 21 days) also impaired recall of PAB, and this effect was also reversed by Hypericum perforatum. None of our treatments produced significant motor coordination impairments as tested in a ?chimney' test. It appears that H. perforatum prevents stress-induced deterioration of memory in rats.
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