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1

War gases in the southern Baltic Sea

100%
Korzeniewski K.
|
|
issue 67/10
91-101
EN
This paper presents the results of research on the influence of war gas dumped in the Baltic Sea on people who live and work in this area.The research was based on accessible information and literature.
2

Vegetation along the Polish Coast of the southern Baltic in 1992-95

100%
Plinski M., Kwiatkowska B., Jozwiak T.
Oceanological Studies
|
1996
|
vol. 25
|
issue 4
81-95
EN
The vegetation along the Polish coast was subjected to qualitative analysis. 38 plant taxa were identified: 24 Chlorophyta, 3 Pheophyta, 9 Rhodophyta and 5 Spermatophyta. The seasonal variation in the occurrence of macrophytobenthos in the Gulf of Gdansk was studied. Green algae were most abundant in the summer (May-September), red algae in the autumn (August-November). A significant expansion of Ectocarpaceae species was found to have oc-curred. Ectocarpus siliculosus and Pilayella litoralis, especially the later, are species which have expanded along the whole Polish coast. Enteromorpha species, mainly E. compressa and E. intestinalis, and also Cladophora species, especially C. albida, C. sericea and C. vaga-bunda were common. The changes observed in the vegetation during the last few years show that the increase in trophy is significant because the species diversity has shifted to the domi-nance of one or a few species occurring at very high densities
3

Changes in phytoplankton pigments composition during 2000 in different southern Baltic regions

80%
Ston J., Kosakowska A.
Oceanological Studies
|
2002
|
vol. 31
|
issue 1-2
75-89
EN
The results of differences in phytoplankton pigments composition are presented in this paper. Samples from the Southern Baltic taken during three cruises on r/v ?Oceania? (14.02 - 28.02.2000, 06.05 - 16.05.2000 and 20.09 - 01.10.2000) were examined. Qualification and quantification analyses of chlorophylls and carotenoids present in samples of naturally existing phytoplankton were based on the RP-HPLC technique. Seasonal and spatial variability in pigment characteristics was observed in the analysed seasons. Presence of: chlorophyll a, chlorophyll c1+c2, chlorophyll b, alloxanthin, zeaxanthin, fucoxanthin, peridinin, neoxanthin, diadinoxanthin - was noted in every season; violaxanthin and beta-carotene - only in May and September. Lutein was detected only in May samples. The quantity of May and September pigments exceeded 2-6 times the February pigments content. Vertical differentiation in the pigments amount was also noted. Spatial variability emphasized the influence of Vistula and Odra water masses. Different markers of phytoplankton species were found in each season: in February - cryptophytes (alloxanthin), May - diatoms (fucoxanthin) and September - cyanophytes and dinophytes (containing zeaxanthin and diadinoxanthin).
4

Influence of salinity on the growth of Nodularla spumigena Mertens

80%
Musial A., Plinski M.
Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies
|
2003
|
issue 2
45-52
EN
The plankton material was sampled in August 1997 from the Gulf of Gdansk. The Cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena strain ( NSG 0897 ) was isolated from the samples. The effect of salinity on the growth of Nodularia spumigena was studied in the laboratory. Salinity had a significant effect on the number of cells, optical density, concentration of chlorophyll a , dry mass and growth rate. The Nodularia spumigena strain grew well in salinities 4-16 PSU. A salinity of 8 PSU is the best for the growth of this strain.
5

A study of the effec of the Oder estuary on contamination of the Baltic waters with oil

80%
Kirkiewicz J.
Oceanological Studies
|
1994
|
issue 66/7
157-166
EN
Basing on the literature, the sources of the contamination of the Baltic Sea waters with oil are presented.The spectral method of measuring the content of pertoleum products in water is described.The autor also presents the effect of the Oder estuary on contamination of the Baltic with oil on the basis of his own research.
6

Impact of invasive benthic crustaceans on the resuspension of bottom sediments: an experimental study approach

80%
Zaiko A., Olenin S.
|
2004
|
issue 3
99-110
EN
The resuspension process caused by the burrowing activity of three Ponto-Caspian amphipod species (Pontogammarus robustoides, P. crassus and Chaetogammarus ischus) introduced to the Curonian Lagoon, Baltic Sea, was studied in a laboratory. The experimental set-up included aquaria with three types of bottom sediments: 1) sand; 2) sand with pebbles; 3) sand with stones up to 30 cm in diameter. The experimental aquaria contained amphipods in numbers that mimicked their density in situ, while control aquaria contained no animals. Water was sampled from three different layers (1, 5, and 9 cm above the sediment surface) from experimental and control aquaria and analyzed with a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 660 nm in order to estimate the density of suspended material. The burrowing activity of the amphipods in all sediment types increased the amount of suspended material throughout the studied water layer (10 cm). The most visible effect was detected above the sandy bottom with large stones, the least ? above the sandy-pebble bottom. The conclusion was drawn that the invasive burrowing amphipods can increase the resuspension of bottom sediments in invaded ecosystems.
7

On the usefulness of NOAA-AVHRR satelite data for estimating the component content in Baltic Sea water

80%
Oleszewski J., Kowalczuk P., Darecki M.
Oceanological Studies
|
1995
|
issue 68/8
51-60
EN
The hypothetical response of the visible channel of the NOAA satelite detectors is discussed in order to discover to what extend the content of Baltic water can be distinguished.The experimental data from the spring of 1993 shows that, the applicability of the detector has been proven only in the direct evaluation of total suspended matter (TSM) concentration.The limitation ranges of TSM concentration for good and poor AVHRR detection are given.The results are illustrated with some AVHRR images, processed into the spatial distribution of total suspended in the Baltic's surface layer.
8

Temporal variations in phosphorus species in the surface layer of bottom sediments from the Gulf of Gdansk - preliminary research

80%
Graca B., Bolalek B. J., Bolalek J.
|
2000
|
vol. 29
|
issue 4
55-64
EN
Temporal variations in phosphorus species [total phosphorus (Ptot), organic phosphorus (Porg), total inorganic phosphorus (Pmin), phosphorus bound to calcium (PCa), aluminium (PAl) and iron (PFe)] were studied in the surface layer of bottom sediments from the Gulf of Gda?sk. These changes were caused mainly by variability in Porg, PAl and PFe concentrations and were closely related to the growth cycle in the basin. The phosphorus concentration was higher in the spring and summer (April - September) that in the autumn and winter (November-March). For much of the year concentrations of Pmin were higher than those of organic phosphorus. The prevalent form of inorganic phosphorus was PCa, whose concentrations exceeded those of iron- and aluminium-bound phosphorus.
9

The distribution of water vegetation on the Polish coast of the Baltic Sea in 1996-2000

80%
Plinski M., Jozwiak T.
|
2004
|
issue 2
28-40
EN
Qualitative analysis of vegetation along the Polish coast was conducted. Thirty-six species were noted - 16 of green, 5 of brown and 7 of red algae and 8 of vascular plants. In the 1996-2000 period, the share of green algae was always more than 50% of the floral composition. Only a few species were present throughout the period of investigations, as follows: green algae - Enteromorpha ahlneriana, E. intestinalis, Cladophora albida, Cl. glomerata, Cl. rupestris, Cl. sericea, Cl. vagabunda; brown algae - Pilayella litoralis, Fucus vesiculosus; red algae - Polysiphonia violacea, Ceramium diaphanum; vascular plants - Zostera marina. Some general conclusions can be drawn with reference to the geographical distribution of the species. Enteromorpha intestinalis was the only species that occurred at every station in almost every year. Three species of the genus Cladophora (Cladophora albida, Cl. rupestris, Cl. sericea) and Pilayella litoralis were also very common. Zostera marina was nearly absent from the central part of the Polish coast. Other species occurred rarely and accidentally.
10

Distribution of elements in surficial sediments of the Southern Baltic determined by factor analysis

80%
Szefer P., Pempkowiak J., Kaliszan R.
Oceanological Studies
|
1993
|
issue 64/3
85-93
11

Anthropogenic factors, sedimentation rates, vertical movements and the prognoses of the east Baltic Sea development according to the data of comparative sedimentological analysis

80%
Pustelnikovas O.
|
2000
|
vol. 29
|
issue 1
101-116
EN
In the process of sea development, the water level fluctuations, neotectonic movements, sedimentation rates and anthropogenic factors play an important role. Water level fluctuation and vertical movements determine the rates of long-term sedimentation. The sea level rises South of 56?N, its amplitude has been increasing from 1.5 mm y-1 (at the beginning of the 20th century) to 3-4 mm y-1 (predicted for the 22nd century). The rise of land is evident in the Central and Northern Baltic (1-9 mm y-1). These factors speed up the erosion of shallowing areas, eutrophication and accumulation of sedimentary matter in local basins. The latter processes complicate the ecological situation in the river mouth areas. The chemical composition of sediments reflect the nature of ground rocks in the denudation basin and change climatic conditions. The anthro-pogenic activity takes place in the river mouth areas, lagoons and other geochemical barriers. The mentioned factors influence the rates of sedimentation (0.6-7.5 mm y-1) which reach their maximum in the shallow areas of the East Baltic (2.5-7.5 mm y-1).
12

Resources and bottom macrofauna structure in Puck Bay in the 1960 and 1990

80%
Zmudzinski L.
|
|
vol. 26
|
issue 1
59-73
EN
Differences between the species composition and total resources of bottom macrofauna in two areas of Puck Bay were analysed in 1962-63 and 1984-85. These areas were the shallow Puck Lagoon, originally overgrown by luxuriant multi-specific submerged meadows which later un-derwent serious degradation, and the outer Puck Bay with its very limited extent of underwater meadows. In the first area the total resources were found to have decreased, whereas in the second the bottom macrofauna had increased. Both regions saw a four-fold increase in polychaete bio-mass, that of Hediste diversicolor in particular. In the outer Puck Bay the mollusc biomass in-creased, especially that of Mytilus trossulus, Macoma balthica, and the crustacean Gammarus sp., Balanus improvisus, and especially Corophium volutator. The biomass of most taxonomic groups decreased, which in the Puck Lagoon is evidence for the degradation of the bottom macroflora.
13

The Slupsk Furrow as a marine protected area in the Baltic

80%
Drzycimski I.
|
|
issue 2
33-41
EN
Long-term series of hydrographic and biological data show the Slupsk Furrow to be the only Baltic deep area devoid of H2S, its bottom being inhabited by a number of marine species not found in other Baltic deeps (Bornholm, Gdansk, and Gotland Deeps). For this reason, it is necessary to grant the Slupsk Furrow the status of a marine protected area as a habitat and refuge of species absent in other Baltic Proper deeps.
14

Seasonal changes of itersititial community respiration in a Baltic sandy beach

80%
Urban-Malinga B., Opalinski K. W.
Oceanological Studies
|
2002
|
vol. 31
|
issue 3-4
57-70
EN
Interstitial community respiration in a Baltic sandy beach on the Gulf of Gda?sk was investigated in terms of sediment oxygen consumption over a seasonal cycle. The study was carried out at four locations on the beach slope (littoral, waterline, splashzone and middle beach). Oxygen uptake changes over time were not statistically significant and no correlation was found between sediment respiration and water temperature. It seems that food supply to the sandy beach system is the predominant factor determining the interstitial community metabolism. The lowest values of oxygen consumption (9-33 cm3 O2 m-2 h-1) were noted in the middle beach station; the highest results (up to 212 cm3 O2 m-2 h-1) were related to the littoral site. Organic matter concentration in the sediment ranged between 0.09 and 0.9% dwt.
15

Thermohaline conditions in the Gdansk Basin

80%
Cyberska B., Krzyminski W.
Oceanological Studies
|
1996
|
vol. 25
|
issue 1-2
17-39
EN
The analysis of thermohaline conditions in the Gdansk Basin in the period 1989-1993 is presented against the background of long-term changes.The assessment is based on daily measurements of temperature and salinity at shore stations (Gdynia, Hel, Wladyslawowo) and the results from observations during monthly research cruises.The most characteristic feature of this period was deep stagnetion from 1979 onwards, with declining tendencies in salinity and density reported in all layers of the water column; the negative trend in water temperature was retarded, however, in January and December 1993 and March 1994 substantial inflows of saline water from the North Sea caused a temporary increase in salinity in the Gdansk Basin, at the same time raising and strengthening the halocine.
16

Background/reference values and environmental quality criteria as applied to the Southern Baltic

80%
Lysiak-Pastuszak E., Drgas N.
|
EN
In view of the fact that the Water Framework Directive of the European Community has come into force, efforts have been undertaken within HELCOM to elaborate environmental quality criteria based on background/reference values. The purpose of the environmental quality criteria is to enable local and regional authorities and others to make accurate assessments of the environmental quality on the basis of the available data on the state of the environment and thus to obtain a better basis for environmental planning and management. The environmental quality of the marine environment is determined in terms of threats to the environment: eutrophication, toxic pollutants - organic compounds, heavy metals and physical disturbance. The parameters used to assess the eutrophication are nutrients and Secchi depth. Metals and toxic organic pollutants are assessed in sediment and organisms. A clear definition of the term ?background concentrations? is being formulated. In this communique, a short review of the Polish historical data, which may serve as background values for nutrients, is presented together with a brief description of the current environmental disturbances.
17

Sedimentary structure of the storm surge washover fan on the lake Bukowo spit

80%
Rudowski S., Wroblewski W. R., Wroblewski R.
|
EN
A storm surge washover fan on the Lake Bukowo spit (kilometre 287.3 of the Polish Baltic coast) is described in detail. The in-depth examination of the fan relief and sedimentary facies allowed to identify two subfacies represented by the fan channel and the fan core. The importance of washover fan facies for the structure and development of sandy barriers as well as for shore sediment budget and shore protection is stressed.
18

Toxic metals in bottom sediments and ferromanganese concretions of the Southern Baltic Sea

80%
Szefer P.
|
2000
|
vol. 29
|
issue 1
31-55
EN
Horizontal and vertical distributions of micro- and macroelements in sediment from the Southern Baltic (including the Vistula Lagoon) are discussed. Variations of concentrations of trace metals and rare earth elements (REE) in ferromanganese concretions sampled from S?upsk Furrow in the Polish Exclusive Economic Zone are characterized. The lack of positive cerium anomalies in the concretions from S?upsk Furrow indicates that they were formed under less oxidizing conditions than spheroidal concretions from the Gulf of Bothnia. M?ssbauer studies indicate that poorly crystalline lepidocrosite is the principal iron oxyhydroxide mineral present in these concretions. It is concluded that Ag, Cd, Pb, Zn and possibly Cu are anthropogenic in origin. The concentrations of these elements decrease sharply with depth in the sediment column and the elements are preferentially enriched in the < 2 ?m size fraction of the sediment. The anthropogenic elements show no systematic decrease in concentration with depth in a sediment core collected near the mouth of the Vistula River. This reflects the higher sedimentation rate there such that the entire upper 20 cm of the core was deposited during the major, post-war period of industrialization in Poland. It is suggested that the heavy metals are mainly adsorbed on Fe oxyhydroxide particles with diameters greater than 2 ?m at the hydrological front where the Vistula River waters mix with brackish Baltic waters. It appears that heavy-metal pollution of sediments in some parts of Puck Bay may be greater than that near the mouth of the Vistula River which may reflect, in part, the higher sedimentation rate near the mouth of the Vistula River. The mode of incorporation of heavy metals into the sediments in the two areas may also be different. It is speculated that Cu, Zn and Ag have been introduced recently into the sediments of the Gulf of Gda?sk principally from the Vistula River, whereas Cd and Pb have been transported, in part, from the atmosphere. Cd like Pb is a volatile element easily subjected to atmospheric transport. The dual source of Cd and Pb (atmospheric and riverine) reaching the Gulf of Gda?sk may explain the complex interelement relationships displayed by these elements in the sediments of this region. Ag, on the other hand, is introduced into the marine environment mainly with sewage sludge.
19

The relationship between Secchi depth

80%
Matciak M., Renk H.
|
|
vol. 26
|
issue 2-3
31-37
EN
Seawater transparency estimated by means of the Secchi disc depth depends on all optically active water constituents, among them the chlorophyll a concentration. This parameter is very important for primary production studies, and it might be very useful to investigate its relationship to the water transparency measured in such an easy way. Long-term observations of the chlorophyll a concentration and the associated Secchi disc depth from three stations in the southern Baltic are presented. The data were collected during almost twenty five years (1971-1995). The correlation between these parameters and the influence of chlorophyll a concentrations on the Secchi disc depth are examined.
20

A seasonal pattern of occurence of gobiid fish- (Gobiidae) in the shallow littoral zone (0-1m depth) of Puck Bay

80%
Horackiewicz J., Skora K. E.
|
1998
|
vol. 27
|
issue 3
3-17
EN
In the years 1993-1995, investigations of the variability in occurrence of gobiids in the shallowest part of Puck Bay (0-1 m depth) were conducted. Three species of gobiids, Pomatoschistus minutus, Pomatoschistus microps and Neogobius melanostomus were identified. Abundance, biomass and species distribution varied with time and sampling location. P. microps was a dominant species all year round and accounted for over 80% of all fish caught. An apparent preference of P. microps for inhabiting the internal part of Puck Bay was observed while P. minutus was found more frequently in the external part of Bay. In the coastal zone, fish from genus Pomatoschistus showed seasonality of occurrence with the abundance peak in the fall.
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