Binodal data are beneficial to the design of aqueous two-phase extraction and the establishment of thermodynamic models. For the 2-propanol + Li2SO4/Na2SO4/ (NH4)2SO4/K3PO4 + water systems and 1-propanol + K3PO4/K3C6H5O7/(NH4)3C6H5O7 + water systems, binodal data were determined at 298.15 K. The binodal data were correlated by a theoretical equation on the basis of statistical geometry. The salting-out abilities of salts and the phase-separation abilities of alcohols were evaluated by the effective excluded volume of salt and the binodal curves plotted in molality. A simple Hofmeister series of cations and anions were obtained. The organic salt, K3C6H5O7, shows as high a salting-out ability as K3PO4. [...]
Cd(II) plus iodide species were extracted into PEG-rich phases in the aqueous PEG(1550)-(NH4)2SO4 system at pH 2.05–7.12. IR spectra show that increasing (NH4)2SO4 solution acidity does not protonate PEG ether oxygen atoms, but decreases water content in the PEG-rich phases. Metallic species’ extraction into the PEG predominantly alters how water molecules bind to polymer chains; the changes in their absorption bands depend on pH. Microscopy shows that “fixation” of the extracted metal in the PEG-rich phase occurs by specific interactions which depend on the species. These also determine changes in the polymer chains’ conformation.
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