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Assessment of phytochemical constituents and antifungal activities of four selected green leafy vegetables from Owerri, South-East Nigeria

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Ohabughiro N. B.

World News of Natural Sciences

2023

vol. 50

73-85

Medicinal plants contain numerous phytochemicals like tannin, alkaloids, steroid, saponin and flavonoid. Plants are being used as valuable source of food and medicine for prevention of illness and maintenance of human health. The following medicinal plants were used: Scent leaves (Ocimum gratissimum), Bitter leaves (Vemonia amygdalina). Uziza leaves (Piper guineense) and Utazi leaves (Gongronema latifolium). Soxhlex apparatus was used to extract active ingredients from plants. Methanol and hot water solvents were used for extraction. Methanol and hot water extracts of the plants were used against identified isolated. Standard microbiological and molecular methods were used in the isolation and identification of moulds from stored rice, maize, wheat and groundnut. Sabouraud dextrose agar and potato dextrose agar were used for cultural isolation. Moulds species were identified using 18S rRNA gene sequencing method. Fungal susceptibility testing was performed to determine the minimum inhibition concentration. The following moulds Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus tamarii, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus brunneoviolaceus and Penicillium chrysogenum were isolated and identified from stored grains and legumes. The medicinal plants contain the following phytochemicals tannin, alkaloids, steroid, saponin and flavonoids. Percentage (%) growth inhibition of moulds by methanol extract was greater than hot water extract of medicinal plants. Percentage growth inhibition of moulds by methanol and hot water extract of scent leaf gave the highest inhibition followed by bitter leaf, utazi while uziza gave the least growth inhibition. Minimum inhibitory concentration of plant extracts was greatest at 100 mg/ml and least at 12.5mg/ml. Minimum growth inhibition increases with increase in concentration of medicinal plants. Medicinal plants gave varying levels of growth inhibition against varying isolates and should be used both at home and clinical settings. Therefore, the importance of medicinal plants to our society cannot be overemphasized.

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1 World News of Natural Sciences

1 2023

1 Ohabughiro N. B.

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Assessment of phytochemical constituents and antifungal activities of four selected green leafy vegetables from Owerri, South-East Nigeria