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EN
A clandestine two-step route to psychoactive racemic phenylalkylamines utilises the Henry reaction. In the first step an aromatic aldehyde reacts with a nitroalkane to give the nitrostyrene intermediate. In the second step the nitrostyrene is reduced to the phenylalkylamine. An impurity profile of both steps was evaluated through the synthesis and analysis of common street derivatives. The formation of nitrile impurities in the nitroaldol reaction and hydroxylamine impurities in the reduction step were shown by NMR spectroscopy and GC-MS. A selection of reducing agents has been used to give the phenylalkylamines, together with variable quantities of the partially reduced hydroxylamine product. GC-MS analysis of the hydroxylamines showed heat-induced disproportionation which led to the detection of the corresponding oximes. [...]
EN
Solid phase extraction (SPE) of methoxy- and methylenedioxyamphetamines from diluted aqueous solutions was investigated on carbon and polymeric adsorbents of different textures and chemical compositions. Those adsorbents were applied cartridges packed with three chemically modified carbons prepared from plum stones (initial A2PS, oxidized A2PS-O, and reduced A2PS-H) and commercially available adsorbents (polymeric LiChrolut EN, graphitized Hypercarb and Carboprep). Several factors influence the recovery rates of amphetamine derivatives such as the polarity of adsorbates (free energy of salvation), the specific surface area and surface composition of adsorbents, and the solvent characteristics. Different combinations of these factors affect the recovery rate (R1) for high- and low-surface area adsorbents. The minimal R1 values are observed for an amphetamine derivative at a maximal solvation effect and for a set of amphetamines adsorbed on graphitized carbons. [...]
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