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Isolation and Characterization of Biofertilizer Microbes within Rice Rhizosphere of Soil Samples Collected from Different Agroecological Zones of Ebonyi State, Nigeria, for Enhanced Plant Growth

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Ukwa J. N., Uda O. M. C., Nweze N. P., Okafor O. C., Ochere C. N., Ezeh F. A.

World News of Natural Sciences

2024

vol. 57

329-353

Rhizosphere microbial community plays a critical role in plant growth and development, serving as biofertilizer that solubilizes minerals, enhances nutrient uptake, and produces plant growth-promoting substances. Therefore, this study was caried out to isolate and characterize the microbial community structure in flooded Paddy across Ebonyi State Agroecological Zones, for Biofertizer microbes and effects on Rice plant growth. The four rice accessions (Oryza sativa) used in this study were sourced from Biotechnology Research and Development Centre, Ebonyi State University; and planted in Pots with control checks (unplanted soil), in a Greenhouse. The physicochemical parameters of the soil were determined using AOAC standard methods. The microbial community in the rhizosphere of paddy microcosms was characterized using (Colony counting machine, expressed in colony forming unit per mililitre (cfu/ml)), 16SrRNA gene amplification and three Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers namely, OPB05, OPT05, and OPB03 and resolved independently on agarose gel. Rice plant growth were measured in heights across four growth stages and across the three Agroecological Zones. The physicochemical properties showed that the soil was slightly acidic, had different fractions of sand, Organic Carbon, Organic matter and essential nutrients such as; Ca, P, and Mg. The microbial population differed significantly between planted and unplanted soils; while the microbial load decreased gradually as the plants' growth stages increased. Isolates biochemical analysis revealed mostly the presence of bacteria (Bacillus and Brevibacillus species), while confirmatory molecular identification of the bacterial isolates, showed that Aeromonas hydrophilia strain A210 16S, Pseudomonads plecoglossicida strain RJ39 16S, Aeromonas caviae 16S, Eschericha coli strain 26561, Pseudomonas otitidis strain JK79 16S, Enterobacter cloacae strain ES-2 16S, Serratia marcescens strain AL105_R2A02 16S and Aeromonas diversa strain 2478-85 16S were present in the rhizosphere of different Oryza species. Phylogenetic relatedness among the isolates showed isolates B1, B3 and B10 to be closely related. It showed that 90% of the isolates were of the gamma proteobacteria origin, while 10% belong to the Firmicutes. On 90 Day After Planting ( DAP), Faro 59 performed the highest across the zones, while Faro 52 was the least performed across the zones. The study has proven the presence of biofertilizer microbes in rice rhizosphere and that; Despite a higher absolute microbial abundance, there was no major shift in the relative abundance of microbial groups in the planted paddy, suggesting how highly adapted and relatively stable, and beneficial microbial community is to rice plants across Ebonyi State soil, and the possibilities of using them as biofertilizer source by farmers and breeders as a sustainable alternative to chemical fertilizer in promoting plants growth and yield to mitigate environmental impacts.

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1 World News of Natural Sciences

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1 Okafor O. C.

1 Uda O. M. C.

1 Ukwa J. N.

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Isolation and Characterization of Biofertilizer Microbes within Rice Rhizosphere of Soil Samples Collected from Different Agroecological Zones of Ebonyi State, Nigeria, for Enhanced Plant Growth