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Modulation of radiation-induced biochemical changes in cerebrum of Swiss albino mice by Grewia asiatica

100%
Sisodia R., Ahaskar M., Sharma K. V., Singh S.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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2008
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vol. 68
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issue 1
32-38
EN
The present study evaluates the possible radioprotective effect of Grewia asiatica fruit (rich in anthocyanin, carotenes, vitamin C, etc.) pulp extract (GAE) on cerebrum of Swiss albino mice exposed to 5 Gy gamma radiation. For this, healthy mice from an inbred colony were divided into four groups: (1) Control (vehicle treated), (2) GAE treated ? mice in this group were orally supplemented with GAE (700 mg/kg. b.w. /day) once daily for fifteen consecutive days, (3) Vehicle treated irradiated mice, and (4) GAE + Irradiated ? Mice in this group received distilled water orally equivalent to GAE (700 mg/kg. b.w./day) for fifteen days consecutively. Mice were sacrificed at various intervals viz. 1?30 days. Radiation-induced augmentation in the levels of lipid peroxidation of mice cerebrum was significantly ameliorated by GAE pretreatment. Radiation-induced depletion in the level of glutathione and protein was prevented significantly by GAE administration.
2

Dimerization, ROS formation, and biological activity of o-methoxyphenols

100%
Fujisawa S., Atsumi T., Murakami Y., Kadoma Y.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
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2005
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vol. 53
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issue 1
28-38
EN
o-Methoxyphenols are antioxidants widely used in the cosmetic and food industries. Dimers from 1, 2, or 3 were synthesized and their radical-scavenging and biological activities were compared with those of the original or other phenols. Radical-scavenging was evaluated from a kinetic induction period method (IPM). To simulate biomimetic thiolcooxidation with antioxidants, the behavior of mixtures of 1, 2, 4, or catechin with mercaptomethylimidazole (MMI), a thiol was investigated using IPM. Polyphenols 4 and catechin was accompanied by extensive oxygen uptake, suggesting the formation of thiyl radicals from MMI and their reaction with molecular oxygen. In contrast, 1 markedly enhanced radical-scavenging without oxygen uptake, probably because of the formation of EUGQM/MMI-conjugates. 2 showed relatively small oxygen uptake, probably resulting from the predominant formation of benzyl radicals. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cancer cells by 4, but not by compounds 1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 was found, suggesting a possible link between physicochemical oxygen-uptake and intracellular ROS. The induction of apoptosis by 4 in HL-60 cells was accompanied by intracellular ROS. Dimers 6 and 7 inhibited nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activation stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW 264.7 cells. Also, 6, 7, and 9 inhibited LPS-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression in RAW 264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner, whereas 1, 2 and 3 did not. Dimerization of o-methoxyphenols may be a useful tool for the design of drugs to act as potent chemopreventive and anticancer agents.
3

Plant resistance to heavy metals stress

100%
Stroinski A.
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EN
The studies on the effect of heavy metals on plants have shown that they cause intensification of two types of unfavorable processes: ? inactivation of macromolecules and cellular structures, ? induction oxidative stress. All molecular, structural and metabolic changes on the level of molecules, tissues and organs lead to changes of plant morphology. One of the change is inhibition of plant growth, reflected as a reduction of its size, mass of either the whole plant or its part, organs or tissues. In response the plant activates processes restoring its homeostasis. In removing reversible changes a particular role is played by the processes of heavy metal detoxification as well as removal of active forms of oxygen.
4

Free radical concepction of etiopathogenesis of Graves-Basedow disease

100%
Komosinska-Vassev K., Olczyk K., Winsz K.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
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2000
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vol. 54
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issue 2
225-237
EN
Increased metabolism due to hyperthyroidism leads to the dysfunction of the mitochondria respiratory chain, resulting in elevated formation of the reactive oxygen species in the course of Graves-Basedov disease. It has also been reported that excessive thyroid hormone level may induce oxidative tissue injury. Furthermore, Graves-Basedow disease is frequently associated with changes of the antioxidant defence system activity. The disturbed balance between oxidative and antioxidative processes may be of significant importance in the pathogenesis of Graves-Basedow disease.
5

Influence of alcohol dependence on oxidative stress parameters

100%
Kopczynska E., Torlinski L., Ziolkowski M.
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vol. 55
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issue 1
95-111
EN
The toxic of ethanol on pro-oxidant balance has been discussed. Ethanol administration induces an increase in lipid peroxidation either by enhancing the production of oxygen reactive species and/or by decreasing the level of endogenous antioxidants. Role of acetaldehyde in ethanol-induced oxidative stress has been stressed.
6

Concentration of TBA-reactive substances in type II pneumocytes exposed to oxidative stress

88%
Piotrowski W. J., Marczak J., Kurmanowska Z., Gorski P.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
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2004
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vol. 52
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issue 6
435-440
EN
Oxidative lung damage may be associated with the destruction of alveolar cells. Type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECs), as progenitors of type I cells, are indispensable for the renovation of alveolar structure after lung injury. Extensive damage to type II cells could be responsible for unfavorable outcome. However, the susceptibility of type II AECs to oxidative stress is unclear. Materials We investigated the susceptibility of freshly isolated and cultured rat type II AECs to and Methods: oxidative stress (H2O2 and Fe2+). Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were measured as indices of lipid peroxidation and cytotoxicity was estimated by the MTT test. Aminotriazol (ATZ), an inhibitor of intracellular catalase, was used to estimate the protective role of catalase. Results: TBARS concentration increased significantly in freshly isolated, oxidant-exposed cells (4.0?1.3 vs. 8.3?2.2 nmol/g protein, p=0.0313) and insignificantly in cultured cells (1.7?0.4 vs. 4.4?1.7 nmol/g protein). ATZ was toxic even to cells not exposed to oxidants. Inhibition of catalase in cells exposed to oxidants resulted in an insignificant increase in TBARs: 4.5?1.5 vs. 16.2?3.9 nmol/g protein, p=0.0625, and 4.0?0.8 vs.7.6?4.0 for freshly isolated and cultured cells, respectively. Oxidative stress itself did not increase cytotoxicity. Conclusions: Type II AECs are not resistant to oxidative stress. We cannot, however, explain why cells with evidence of lipid peroxidation do not show increased cytotoxicity. The toxicity of ATZ is not related to oxidative cell damage. In cells exposed to oxidants, TBARS may further increase when catalase is inhibited, which suggests an important protective role for catalase.
7

Biological properties of lipoic acid

75%
Bilska A., Wlodek L.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
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2002
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vol. 56
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issue 2
201-219
EN
Lipoic acid is a prostetic group of H-protein of the glycine cleavage system and the dihydrolipoamide acyltransferases (E2) of the pyruvate, alpha-ketoglutarate and branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complexes. Lipoic acid and its reduced form, dihydrolipoic acid, reacts with oxygen reactive species. This paper reviews the beneficial effects in oxidative stress models or clinical conditions.
8

Biotechnological potential of cyanobacteria of the genus Arthrospira

75%
Miklaszewska M., Waleron M., Waleron K.
Biotechnologia
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2008
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issue 3
119-142
EN
Nutritional properties of Arthrospira have been known for hundred years. It was consumed by the Aztecs and it is still an important food source for the Kanembu tribe in Chad. The biomass of Arthrospira is the source of eight essential and twelve non-essential amino acids, as well as lipids, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins and carotenoids. It has immunomodulative, antioxidant, antiviral and anticancerogenic properties. Arthrospira is also used for heavy metal and inorganic nutrients removal from wastewater. Arthrospira PCC 8005 strain was chosen to be a part of MELISSA system (Micro Ecological Life Support System Alternative), where it will be used to produce oxygen and as food for astronauts.
9

DNA damage in mouse lymphocytes exposed to curcumin and copper

75%
Urbina-Cano P., Bobadilla-Morales L., Ramirez-Herrera M. A., Corona-Rivera J. R., Mendoza-Magana M. L., Troyo-Sanroman R., Corona-Rivera A.
Journal of Applied Genetics
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2006
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vol. 47
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issue 4
377-382
EN
Dietary polyphenolics, such as curcumin, have shown antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Some antioxidants cause DNA strand breaks in excess of transition metal ions, such as copper. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of curcumin in the presence of increasing concentrations of copper to induce DNA damage in murine leukocytes by the comet assay. Balb-C mouse lymphocytes were exposed to 50 M curcumin and various concentrations of copper (10 M, 100 M and 200 M). Cellular DNA damage was detected by means of the alkaline comet assay. Our results show that 50 M curcumin in the presence of 100?200 M copper induced DNA damage in murine lymphocytes. Curcumin did not inhibit the oxidative DNA damage caused by 50 M H2O2 in mouse lymphocytes. Moreover, 50 M curcumin alone was capable of inducing DNA strand breaks under the tested conditions. The increased DNA damage by 50 M curcumin was observed in the presence of various concentrations of copper, as detected by the alkaline comet assay.
10

Interleukin 1 beta decreases the GSH content and catalase activity in the human peritoneal mesothelial cells in vitro

75%
Grzybowski A. E.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
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2000
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vol. 48
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issue 3
205-209
EN
The object of this study was to assess the effects of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin beta (IL-1beta) (0. 01?1. 0 ng/ml) on the activity of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the level of glutathione (GSH), all being antioxidant mechanisms, in human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMC) in in vitro culture. HPMC were obtained from the omenta of nonuremic donors. The activity of the antioxidant mechanisms was studied on monolayers of HPMC, which were deprived of serum 48 h prior to experiment. The effect of the cytokine was tested in a medium with low serum concentration (0. 1%) or in a medium with 10% fetal calf serum (FCS). Activity of the antioxidant mechanisms was determined by spectrophotometry. The GSH level was decreased in mesothelial cells (MC) after 24 h of exposition to IL-1. However, after 72 h of incubation with IL-1 the GSH level increased in MC in the presence of 10% FCS, p<0.05. The activity of CAT was inhibited after 72 h exposure to IL-1. Interleukin 1 did not affect SOD activity in MC. However, when supplemented with 10% FCS, IL-1 decreased the activity of SOD after 24 and 72 h of incubation. We conclude that the activity of antioxidant mechanisms in MC is decreased by IL-1beta in ways that might increase their vulnerability to the cytotoxic effect of free radicals.
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