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1

Identification and genetics of the antigenic determinants A6 and A7 - beta-globulin markers of sheep

100%
Skiba E., Koscielny M., Wegrzyn J.
Genetica Polonica
|
1994
|
vol. 35
|
issue 1-2
81-89
2

Background of antisense strategy and potential applications

100%
Madej-Dudzinska B., Twardowski T.
Biotechnologia
|
1999
|
issue 3
62-75
EN
Structure and function of antisense oligomers and ribozynes are discussed. Some applications of aDNA in medicine and agrobiotechnology are discussed.
3

The role of B lymphocytes as antigen-presenting cells

100%
Chen X., Jensen P. E.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
|
2008
|
vol. 56
|
issue 2
77-83
EN
B lymphocytes are regarded as professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) despite their primary role in humoral immunity. Over the last two decades, studies designed to define the role of the B cells as APCs have generated discrepant results, showing that B cells are either unnecessary or required for T cell priming and either immunogenic or tolerogenic to T cells. The reasons for these discrepancies are not clear. Here we review mechanisms regulating B cell antigen presentation and the data derived from the major studies conducted by different groups representing each school of thought. In general it is clear that B cells process and present specific and nonspecific antigens differently. The presentation of specific antigen through the B cell antigen receptor occurs with very high efficiency and is associated with B cell activation, resulting in the activation of cognate T cells. In contrast, the presentation of nonspecific antigen by B cells is minimized and dissociated from B cell activation. As a result, B cells inactivate T cells that recognize nonspecific antigenic epitopes presented by B cells, or they induce regulatory T cell differentiation or expansion. These mechanisms serve to ensure effective production of high-affinity antigen-specific antibodies but minimize the production of nonspecific antibodies and autoantibodies.
4

New biodefense strategies by neutrophils

100%
Ishikawa F., Miyazaki S.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
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2005
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vol. 53
|
issue 3
226-233
EN
Chemokines and other chemotactic factors induce neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells to migrate to an inflammatory site and efficiently ingest and destroy infective microorganisms. Moreover, antigen-presenting cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, present the microbial antigens via major histocompatibility complex class II molecules, resulting in the activation of specific CD4 T cells. Since neutrophils have a short life-span and are highly susceptible to apoptosis, their role in antigen presentation has been questioned. However, various pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor a, and interferon g, produced at the site of inflammation activate neutrophils and suppress apoptotic death. These cytokine-activated neutrophils show enhanced expression of cell surface molecules and become as competent as dendritic cells and macrophages in their ability of antigen presentation. Traditionally, neutrophils are known to be responsible for innate immunity, and recently they are also considered to be intimately associated with the establishment of acquired immunity. In the present review on the role of neutrophils we describe both classic innate and acquired immunity.
5

Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells: a new type of organ-resident antigen-presenting cell

100%
Limmer A., Knolle P. A.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
|
2001
|
vol. 49
|
issue 1 suppl.
7-12
EN
The induction of peripheral immune tolerance in the liver is a well-known phenomenon that is operative in different situations such as tolerance to organ transplants and tolerance to oral antigens. The mechanisms leading to peripheral immune tolerance in the liver are still incompletely understood. While different cell populations of the liver have been implicated in and probably contribute in concert to the induction of hepatic immune tolerance, one hepatic cell type in particular seems to be suited for tolerance induction: liver sinusoidal endothelial cell (LSEC). LSEC are microvascular endothelial cells with a unique phenotype reminiscent of dendritic cells and a unique function as antigen-presenting cells for CD4+ T cells. The hepatic microenvironment, i.e. portal venous constituents and soluble mediators from sinusoidal cell populations, tightly control antigen presentation by LSEC to avoid immune-mediated damage. LSEC, in contrast to other endothelial cells, have the capacity to prime naive CD4+ T cells and induce cytokine release. Importantly, naive CD4+ T cells primed by antigen- presenting LSEC differentiate into regulatory T cells whereas T cells primed by bone marrow-derived professional antigen presenting cells differentiate into Th1 cells. Thus, LSEC represent a new type of organ resident ?non-professional? antigen-presenting cell that appears to be involved in the local control of the immune response and the induction of immune tolerance in the liver.
6

On the biological role of HLA-C

100%
Kusnierczyk P.
|
|
vol. 49
|
issue 1
33-45
7

The role of dendritic cells in antigen recognition: from antigen uptake to its presentation to T lymphocytes

88%
Kolodziej D., Pajtasz-Piasecka E.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
|
2003
|
vol. 57
|
issue 2
149-170
EN
The phenomenon of antigen presentation can be divided into three stages. 1/ antigen uptake (recognition and internalization), which first of all concerns exogenous antigens; 2/ intracellular enzymatic antigen processing and protein degradation followed by peptide loading of presenting molecules; 3/ exocytosis of the antigen presenting molecules complex containing: a) MHC class II /exogenous antigens; b) MHC class I/endogenous antigens; c) MHC class I/exogenous antigens (so-called cross-presentation); d) CD1 ? lipids. This review presents the main stages of intracellular transport and the traffic of MHC molecules, which are believed to be different in dendritic cells (DC), in comparison with other antigen presenting cells, and enable DC to play the unique role in the initiation of immune response and the induction of tolerance.
8

Immunotherapy of type 1 diabetes

88%
Li L., Yi Z., Tisch R., Wang B.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
|
2008
|
vol. 56
|
issue 4
227-236
EN
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease in which the insulin-producing beta cells are destroyed. Diabetic patients manage their hyperglycemia by daily insulin injections. However, insulin therapy is by no means a cure. Accordingly, a significant effort has been ongoing to develop immunotherapies that effectively prevent and/or treat T1D in the clinic. This review focuses on antigen- and antibody-based immunotherapies and discusses the respective strengths and weaknesses of these approaches.
9

A2, B2 antigens - gene markers from G immunoglobulin linkage group in pigs

88%
Wegrzyn J., Hojny J., Janik A., Skiba E.
|
|
vol. 34
|
issue 4
357-363
10

Immunoregulation of lymphoproliferation in vitro by monocytes and their subpopulations. II. Phenotypic changes of T cells in cultures activated with antigen and mitogen

75%
Pryjma J., Kowalczyk D., Ruggiero I., Zembala M.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
|
1992
|
vol. 40
|
issue 2
139-143
EN
The aim of this study was to analyze phenotypes of T cells activated by mitogen (PWM) and antigen (PPD) in the presence of FcR+ or FcR- monocytes. It was found that CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes are preferentially acitvated in the presence of different subpopulations. Expression of HLA-DR and CD25 on CD4+ lymphocytes was greater in cultures activated in the presence of FcR-. CD8+ lymphocytes were more efficiently activated (exprression of HLA-DR) when FcR+ monocytes were added to culture. In the presence of FcR+ monocytes an increased expression of CD45RA antigen on CD4+ cells was also observed. These data support our previous functional studies which showed that "suppressor" T cells of CD8+ phenotype are activated in the presence of FcR+ monocytes.
11

Expression of human blood group antigens A and B in kidney and lung of some vertebrates

75%
Tomova E. S., Popov A. A., Sarafian V. S.
Folia Biologica
|
2001
|
vol. 49
|
issue 3-4
251-257
EN
Human blood group antigens (BGA) are genetically determined glycoproteins found in many cells and tissues of different mammals. Their major biological functions are still undefined. There are few investigations analysing the evolutionary aspect of BGA tissue ditribution. The present study is aimed at examining the expression of human A and B antigens in the kidney and lung of some free-living vertebrates. The biotin-streptavidin-peroxidase immunostaining system was applied on kidney and lung paraffin sections derived from free-living representatives of five different vertebrate classes. Excluding the possibility of any non-specific staining by the application of inhibition tests, A and B antigens were demonstrated most constantly in epithelial cells of renal and respiratory tubules. They were also detected in chondrocytes of fish gills, in some muscular and endothelial cells. Single erythrocytes showed a positive cytoplasmic staining only in some higher vertebrates. Human BGA seem to be conserved carbohydrate structures with biological functions probably related to cell integrity and differentiation.
12

Treating autoimmune diseases through restoration of antigen-specific immune tolerance

75%
Wolfraim L. A.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
|
2006
|
vol. 54
|
issue 1
1-13
EN
The first line of treatment for many human autoimmune diseases involves the use of anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive drugs such as prednisone or other steroids that not only suppress the underlying autoimmune disease, but lead to global suppression of the immune system. The sequelae of this approach include increased risk of infection, carcinogenesis, and osteoporosis. Moreover, such broad spectrum immunosuppression tends to have transient therapeutic benefit, as in many cases the disease becomes refractory to these drugs. There is a clear need for more specific means to restore immune tolerance to the specific autoantigens implicated in disease pathology. This review provides an overview of some of these newer, more specific therapeutic approaches to restoring immune tolerance to autoantigens, with an emphasis on those approaches that have been or will soon be tested in controlled clinical trials. Covered here are peptide- or protein-based therapeutics, oral tolerance, and cellular and gene therapy approaches to restoring antigen-specific immune tolerance.
13

CD1 molecules: mechanisms of lipid antigens presentation

63%
Mikulska J.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
|
2003
|
vol. 57
|
issue 6
649-667
EN
This review summarizes the status of our knowledge on the structure, expression and function of CD1 proteins. An endosomal and non-endososomal pathways of CD1 antigen presentation are also described.
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