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1

Antibodies labelled with dyes and their application in diagnostics

100%
Szewczuk A.
|
|
issue 3
247-255
EN
Antibodies labelled with some disperse dyes, colored polymers, fluoro- and chemiluminochroms, formazan, colloidal gold and selen are reviewed. An application of the labelled antibodies in commercialy available diagnostic home tests is presented.
2

Antichlamydial antibodies in the serum and expressed prostatic secretion in prostatitis

80%
Ostaszewska-Puchalska I., Zdrodowska-Stefanow B., Badyda J., Bulhak-Koziol V., Pucilo K., Darewicz B.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
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2004
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vol. 52
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issue 4
277-283
EN
The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of anti-Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) antibodies in serum and expressed prostatic secretion (EPS) in chronic prostatitis. Thirty-six patients with chronic prostatitis were examined. The presence of C. trachomatis was determined in urethral smears and EPS. Specific antibodies were determined in the serum (IgM, IgA, IgG) and in the EPS (IgA, IgG). In the direct diagnosis of chlamydial infection, the direct immunofluorescence method and the ligase chain reaction were employed, and for the serological diagnosis, the immunoenzymatic method. C. trachomatis infection was detected in the urethra of 3 (8.3%) patients and in the prostatic gland of 3 (8.3%) patients; only one of these patients was found to have C. trachomatis in both the urethra and the EPS. In the control group, C. trachomatis was detected in the urethra of 1/50 (2%) of the men, but the EPS of all of them was free of C. trachomatis. Specific IgM antibodies were found in 7 (19.4%), IgA in 9 (25%), and IgG in 18 (50%) of the patients' serum, whereas IgAs were detected in 12 (33.3%) and IgGs in 13 (36.1%) of the patients' EPS. In the control group, anti-C. trachomatis antibodies of the IgG were detected in the serum of 2/35 (5.7%) of the men, whereas in the EPS neither IgA nor IgG antibodies were detected in any of these patients. Serological tests of the serum and EPS are useful as a complementary method in the diagnosis of chronic prostatitis.
3

Advanced glycation end-products prepared in solution under high pressure contain epitopes distinct from those formed in the dry reaction at high temperature

80%
Staniszewska M., Jarosz J., Jon M., Gamian A.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
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2005
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vol. 53
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issue 1
71-78
EN
Advanced glycation end-products play an important role in diseases related to diabetes and aging processes. Model compounds are synthesized in order to prepare the diagnostic and experimental tools for studying the mechanisms of pathogenesis. The objective of the present study was to accelerate glycation and upgrade its efficiency under high-pressure conditions.Aqueous solutions of proteins were kept with carbohydrates under a pressure of up to 850 MPa for several hours. Then the high-pressure glycation (HPG) products were fractionated on a Sephadex G-200 column and characterized with SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The low-molecular-mass fraction of glycated proteins was separated from the two fractions containing high- and intermediate-molecular-mass cross-linked products of glycation. The products were then compared with those obtained with the high-temperature glycation (HTG) procedure carried out in dry conditions with a lyophilized mixture of substrates. The fractionated products were used to prepare rabbit sera. The immunoblotting experiments showed that the epitopes on the cross-linked glycation products formed in solution under high pressure differed from those originating in dry conditions at high temperature. Sera against the HPG products were specific to homologous material and did not interact with the fractions obtained by HTG. The antibodies against HTG products recognized HTG but not HPG products.
4

Protective activity of antibodies raised against conjugates of endotoxin core oligosaccharides and tetanus toxid

80%
Jachymek W.
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|
vol. 49
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issue 1
171-178
5

Uses of monoclonal antibodies in medicine

80%
Zielinski M., Plucienniczak A.
Biotechnologia
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2009
|
issue 2
113-122
EN
This review article describes uses of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) in medicine as therapeutics. It contains information about the method of monoclonal antibodies production, types of their modifications and nomenclature. We show examples of mAb application in therapies.
6

Antibodies and drug-carriers in targeted therapy - progress and limitations

80%
Konieczny L., Piekarska P. B., Piekarska B., Roterman R. I., Roterman I., Rybarska R. J., Rybarska J., Stopa S. B., Stopa B., Zemanek Z. G., Zemanek G.
|
EN
The paper addresses the problems of carriers and antibodies in targeted therapy. Also the new material of liquid crystalline nature, designed for use as a drug vehicle in the immune targeting technique is presented and its property is discussed. Obtained by self-assembling, the ribbon-like supramolecular organisation products of some azo-dyes, particularly including Congo red and Evans blue, form micellar bodies of this carrier. They bind spontaneously and selectively to immune complexes but not to free antibodies. The binding strongly enhances the antigen - antibody interaction. Micelles of the carrier composed of self-assembled molecules easily incorporate many foreign substances including drugs, favouring however those of possibly planar molecules. The excess of carrier leaves the organism rapidly through the urine tract, reducing the possible side effects. The nature of chromonic liquid crystalline material is suitable for many modifications and adapting elaboration.
7
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Microglial and astroglial cells in the rat paraclaustral reservoir during postnatal development: an immunohistochemical study

80%
Ludkiewicz B., Domaradzka-Pytel B., Morys J.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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2001
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vol. 61
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issue 1
35-43
EN
A immunohistochemical study of postnatal development of the paraclaustral reservoir of migrating cells in the rat brain was performed using anti-GFAP (for astroglia), ED1 and OX-42 (for microglia) antibodies. From birth to the 4th day of postnatal life most GFAP-positive cells in the paraclaustral reservoir are similar to transitional astroglia. From the end of the first postnatal week they have the morphology of mature astrocytes, although during the next week, their density was a slightly higher than in neighboring structures. On the 21st day, the morphology and density of astroglial cells in the ventral part of the external capsule did not differ from the surrounding regions. ED1/OX-42- positive microglial cells present in the paraclaustral reservoir during the first postnatal week represented ameboid microglia; their density was clearly higher than in the neighboring structures. During the second week they began to transform into ramified microglia and from the 21st day on, only OX-42 positive resting microglial cells were observed in the ventral part of the external capsule. We suggest that the paraclaustral reservoir is a place of accumulation of astroglia and microglia during brain development and may possibly serve as source of glial cells for neighboring structures. Alternatively, these glial populations may perform local developmental functions.
8

Prognostic significance of p53 protein accumulation in cancer cells obtained from selected group of patients with sporadic colorectal cancer

80%
Paluszkiewicz P., Karski J., Berbe H., Pawlowska-Wakowicz B., Cybulski M., Karski M., Paszkowska A.
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1999
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vol. 40
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issue 2
135-144
EN
p53 gene instability frequently causes accumulation of mutant protein in neoplastic cells. The goal of this study was to evaluate of p53 protein accumulation in tumour cells in relation to colorectal cancer outcome. p53 protein accumulation was tested immunohistochemically using DO-7 and Pab-1620 antibodies. In the group of 80 selected patients with sporadic colorectal cancer, p53 protein accumulation in tumour cells was found significantly more often (52.6% of cases) in cancers localised in the colon, nonmucinous and poorly differentiated. In 5-year follow-up, a shorter survival time was observed in the group of patients with p53 protein accumulation in cancer cells (P<0.05). The differences in p53 protein accumulation found in cancer cells in relation to tumour localisation and their histological type indicate the possibility of p53-independent carcinogenesis in mucinous and right-sided cancers. We indicate the importance of performing the immunohistochemical tests for prediction of the outcome of sporadic colorectal cancers.
9

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as a method for detection of specific antibodies in animal sera

80%
Gut-Winiarska M., Szewczyk B.
Biotechnologia
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2001
|
issue 3
53-70
EN
This paper aims to evaluate different forms of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for the detection of virus-specific antibodies and focuses on factors which may influence the diagnostic reliability of such tests. The differences between competitive and non-competitive ELISAs are described, with reference to the influence of the antigen, the conjugated antibody, and the test sample on the test results. Attention is drawn to interference, which may result in false positive or false negative test results. The use of monoclonal antibodies and discriminatory tests is briefly discussed. Diagnostic reliability is described for tests that are used in monitoring or eradication programmes, emphasising the consequences of false negative or false positive results.
10

The renaissance of antibody

80%
Walajtys-Rode E.
Biotechnologia
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2001
|
issue 3
29-36
EN
The ability of human and animal immunological system to generate many hundreds of millions of antibodies with different variable-region domains allows to bind other proteins, peptides and low molecular weight haptens despite the enormous variety of chemical and physical structures that these entities can represent. The prediction of Paul Ehrlich in 1900 an age of 'magic bullet applications in human therapeutics is now being realized. Hybrydoma technology introduced in 1975 was crucial event for immunology and biotechnology, providing large amounts of specific monoclonal antibodies (Mab) for basic research, immunodiagnosis, serotherapy and industrial processes. During last 20 years significant progress has been made in production of Mab or Mab fragments by DNA recombination techniques and expression in bacteria, yeast, mammalian cells and transgenic animals and plants. The rapid isolation of high affinity human Mab from phage display libraries and by immunization of transgenic mice will facilitate the development of therapeutic antibodies. It become also clear that antibodies and antibody fragments are playing increasing contribution not only to pharmaceutical but also to food, cosmetic and chemical industries, as well as to environmental protection.
11

Antichlamydial antibodies and citric acid in patients with chronic prostatitis

80%
Ostaszewska-Puchalska I., Zdrodowska-Stefanow B., Badyda J., Galewska Z.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
|
2007
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vol. 55
|
issue 1
57-60
EN
Introduction: The aim of the study was to evaluate the correlation between the presence of anti-C. trachomatis (C.t.) antibodies in serum and expressed prostatic secretions (EPS) and the concentration of citric acid in patients with chronic prostatitis. Materials and Methods: The study involved 34 men with chronic prostatitis. The leukocyte count, presence of anti-C.t. antibodies (IgA, IgG), and citric acid concentration were determined in the EPS. The serum was examined for IgM, IgA, and IgG anti-C.t. antibodies. Specific antibodies were determined using the EIA method. The concentration of citric acid was measured using the ultraviolet method. Results: Inflammation of the prostate (10 PMN) was found in 61.8% of the patients. A reduction in citric acid concentration in the EPS was detected in 58.8% of the men. Specific serum antibodies were detected in 58.8% of the patients, including 23.5% with IgM, 32.4% with IgA, and 44.1% with IgG. In all patients, serum IgM and IgA antibody titers were low, while those of IgG antibodies were strongly positive in 46.7% of the patients. Anti-C.t. antibodies in the EPS were detected in 44.1% of the patients, including 32.4% with IgA and 35.3% with IgG. In contrast to serum, the titers of IgG antibodies in the EPS were low in all the patients, while those of IgA were strongly positive in 54.5% of cases. In patients with positive serological outcomes, 85% had reduced concentrations of citric acid.Conclusions: The occurrence of anti-C.t. antibodies is usually accompanied by a decrease in the concentration of citric acid in the prostatic secretion.
12

Utilisation of immunometric methods in food analysis

80%
Mierzejewska D., Jedrychowski J. L., Jedrychowski L.
Biotechnologia
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2001
|
issue 3
97-103
EN
Food is a complex material for analysis - particularly today as we have many kinds of food, such as transgenic or functional ones. Food matrix consists of many different physically, chemically and enzymatically modified compounds that are difficult to differentiate and characterize in the matrix by traditional methods. For a few years now the expansion of immunoassays in food analysis has been observed. Immunoassays comprise a wide range of analyses based on immunogenicity of the analyte. Today we know a number of examples of the application of immunoassays in food analysis, for instance: detecting milk or meat products adulteration, gluten quality examination, food compounds immunoreactivity monitoring during technological process and others. Immunoassays are being demonstrated as suitable alternative tools for quick and sensitive, as well as cost ? effective, analyses, especially for screening large numbers of samples. They could prove to be a better way to control changes in ?transgenic food? ? the new generation of food.
13

Immunotherapy of type 1 diabetes

70%
Li L., Yi Z., Tisch R., Wang B.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
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2008
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vol. 56
|
issue 4
227-236
EN
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease in which the insulin-producing beta cells are destroyed. Diabetic patients manage their hyperglycemia by daily insulin injections. However, insulin therapy is by no means a cure. Accordingly, a significant effort has been ongoing to develop immunotherapies that effectively prevent and/or treat T1D in the clinic. This review focuses on antigen- and antibody-based immunotherapies and discusses the respective strengths and weaknesses of these approaches.
14

Structure of antibody and limphocytes of receptor T ? similarities and differences

70%
Madalinski K., Michalkiewicz M. J., Michalkiewicz J.
Biotechnologia
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2001
|
issue 3
71-77
EN
In this paper the structure of molecules responsible for recognition of foreign antigen is given.
15

Rethinking globally relevant vaccine strategies to human immunodeficiency virus type-1

61%
Gray C. M., Puren A. J.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
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2000
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vol. 48
|
issue 4
235-241
EN
According to the latest UNAIDS figures for 1999 there were an estimated 30. 6 million people living with HIV-1, with 16000 new HIV infections per day. The only global strategy of combating new HIV infections is to make a vaccine that is affordable to developing countries, where greater than 90% of new infections occur, and that has enough efficacy to interrupt high rates of transmission. This review critically examines: 1) important immune parameters that should be considered which will allow an understanding of preventative vaccine design and 2) the mechanisms underlying immune destruction during HIV-1 infection that will facilitate design of therapeutic vaccines. A realistic goal of a preventative vaccine is to elicit protective immune responses in vaccinees that would prevent HIV-1 from replicating extensively in the host. Components of protective immunity are thought to include neutralizing antibodies (NAB) and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Rethinking vaccine strategies has to take into account that HIV-1 vaccines must elicit primary cellular and humoral immunity via dendritic cell and Langerhan cell priming. It is only under these conditions that boosting immunity with subsequent vaccinations will allow high enough CTL effector cells and NAB titres to impede or to prevent HIV-1 replication. Success of therapeutic vaccine strategies, has to take into consideration the pathology of persistent immune stimulation by chronic HIV-1 infection. To re-stimulate immunity and re-direct immune responses, chronic immune stimulation by HIV-1 has to be alleviated by reducing high levels of viral antigen presentation by suppressing virus with antiretroviral agents. Such treatment courses may only have to be transient, long enough for immunity to respond to an immunogenic stimulus. Short-course drug therapy may then be an affordable option for many countries already carrying a high burden of HIV-1/AIDS.
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