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1

Inductors and age effects on microsomal electron transfer chain from rat liver

100%
Plewka A., Kaminski M., Plewka D.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
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1994
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vol. 48
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issue 5
631-644
EN
In this paper we showed age effect on NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase activity, cytochrome b5 and NADH-cytochrome b reductase from rat liver.We discussed effect of some I, II, and III classes inductor also.Activity NADPH-cytochrom P-450 reductase softly decreased from 0.5-2-month of life, but in older groups gradually increased.In 28-month-old rats it was twice fold youngest.Phenobarbital and dexamethasone (without 28-month-old age rats) induced but ?-naphthoflavone inhibited activity of this reductase.Cytochrome b content softly decreased to 4-month of life.In older animals changed of this hemoprotein content were not observed.The examined inductors of monooxygenase system decreased cytochrome b level.NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase activity increased to 1-month of life, but in older group decreased.After 2-month changes of activity were very small only.Phenobarbital, ?-naphthoflavone and dexamothasone inhibited activity of this reductase.
2

Influence of aging on the protein profile of myelin isolated from human brain white matter

80%
Niebroj-Dobosz I., Rafalowska J., Lukasiuk M., Wisniewska W., Dziewulska D.
Neuropatologia Polska
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1992
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vol. 30
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issue 2
147-154
EN
Myelin proteins composition was examined in material of 20 autoptic cases at ages from 20 to 97 years. The technique of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isotachophoresis was applied. In polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis a progressive increase starting at the age of 60 years of Wolfgram protein at the expense of Folch-Less proteolipid protein and DM-20 protein was observed. The myelin-associated protein started to increase in the 4th and 5th decade of life, returning therafter to values observed in younger cases. The isotachophoretic technique did not differentiate the changes observed in myelin protein in the course of aging.
3
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Age-related changes in muscarinic receptor and post-receptor mechanisms in brain and ileum strip of rats

80%
Michalek H., Fortuna S., Pintor A.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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1993
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vol. 53
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issue 1
93-101
EN
Age-related differences in the response of the cerebral cortex and ileum strip to a repeated treatment with an anticholinesterase compound, diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP) were evaluated in 3- and 24-month Sprague-Dawley rats. The response was measured in terms of acetylcholinestrase (AChE) inhibition and total muscarinic receptor density (MAChRs, measured as3 H-QNB binding). At the end of DFP treatment there was a 75% inhibition of brain AChE and 30% inchibition of ileal AChE, independently of age. The adaptive down-regulation of brain MAChRs was more pronounced in aged than in young rats (50 and 25%, respectively), while that of ileal MAChRs was greater in young than in aged (50 and 35%). The normalization of cortical MAChRs was delayed in aged rats of ileal MAChRs was delayed in young rats. As regards age-related changes of AChE and MAChRs in untreated rats, there was a 30% decrease of cortical and ileal AChE, no changes in Bmax of cortical MAChRs and a 45% deficit of ileal MAChRs. This was accompanied by only a little age-related decrease in sensitivity of the isolated ileum to cholinergic agonists. Additional experiments on the responsiveness of phosphatidyl inositol syste stimulated with carbachol showed that accumulation of inositol phosphate both in cortical and ileum strip slices was higher in aged than in young rats. The overall data indicate that treatment- and age-related changes of AChR mechanisms in the ileum strip differ considerably from those in the brain. However, the increased efficiency of post-receptor mechanisms in old age is their common feature.
4
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Aging and beta amyloid peptides decrease cholinergic receptor-mediated calcium increase in brain cortex synaptoneurosomes

80%
Samochocki M.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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1998
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vol. 58
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issue 1
3-11
EN
In this study, the muscarinic cholinergic receptor (MAChR)-evoked inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-mediated increase of cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca]i) in synaptoneurosomes from brain cortex of adult and aged rats was investigated. In addition, the effect of two beta-amyloid (A beta) peptides, 1-28 and 25-35, on the resting and MAChR-induced increase of [Ca]i in brain cortex synaptoneurosomes of adult rats was evaluated. Release of IP3 was measured after prelabeling of synaptoneurosomal phosphoinositides withmyo-[2-3H]inositol. Changes in [Ca]i were monitored by using fura-2 indicator. The effect of A beta peptides was evaluated following their preincubation with synaptoneurosomal protein for 1, 5, 30 and 60 min. It was observed that in brain cortex synaptoneurosomes from aged rats, Ca2+-dependent and MAChR-mediated IP3 production was not changed in comparison with that estimated in adult brain, over 60 min of incubation. Activation of MAChR in synaptoneurosomes from brain cortex of adult rats for 10 min increased [Ca]i by about 60% over its resting level (240 nM). This increase was completely blocked by muscarinic antagonists, atropine and pirenzepine, as well as by the antagonist of IP3 receptor,8-(diethylamino)-octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate (TMB-8). In aged brain, there was no detectable change in resting [Ca]i (165 nM) due to MAChR stimulation. The 25-35 A beta peptide caused a time-dependent significant increase of resting [Ca]i in synaptoneurosomes from brain cortex of adult rats, which was almost five-fold after 60 min. In the same conditions, the action of 1-28 A beta peptide was statistically insignificant up to 30 min, then a rapid increase of resting [Ca]i by two-fold was observed up to 60 min. Both A beta peptides decreased markedly the MAChR-dependent elevation of [Ca]i in respect to control (resting [Ca]i in synaptoneurosomes from brain cortex of adult rats. These results indicate that beta-amyloid 1-28 and 25-35 peptides may be involved in alteration of muscarinic receptor-mediated signal transduction during brain aging.
5

The oxidative modification of protein during aging

80%
Augustyniak A., Ostrowska J., Skrzydlewska E.
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vol. 55
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issue 1
53-69
EN
In this review the influence of reactive oxygen species or other reactive substances on the different protein modifications during aging is described. The accumulation of such proteins is observed and many phenomena of aging and age-dependent diseases are due to this accumulation.
6

Changes in the intracellular protein degradation during aging

80%
Skrzydlewska E., Sulkowska M., Makiela M.
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vol. 55
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issue 3
467-481
EN
This review describe the influence of free radicals on the protein degradation during aging. The consequences of aging are changes in susceptibility of proteins on the proteases action as well as changes in cell proteolytic systems activity in different organs.
7
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Development of the age-related spontaneous spike-wave discharges in rat neocortex and exposure to a model neurotoxin

80%
Gralewicz S., Luczak C., Wiaderna D., Tomas T.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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1995
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vol. 55
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issue 1
65-71
EN
In laboratory rats an epileptic-like spontanous neocortical activity in the form of bursts of spike and wave discharges (SWD) develops gradually with age. High incidence of the SWD episodes is accopanied by the other indices characteristic of advanced age:memory disturbances and atropic changes within basal forebrain structures.Accordingly ,it has been proposed that the number and duration of the SWD episodes be regarded as a diagnostic marker to distinquish between young and old brains. It is suspected that exposure to neurotoxins may accelerate the progress of age-related neurodegeneration by predisposing neurons to premature death and thus hasten the appearance of age-related functional deficits. Analysing the development of SWD activity in exposed rats may be helpful for an assesment of the potency of the neurotoxin under study to exert such an effect.In the present work the influence of a three-month exposure to a model neurotoxin, ethanol (ETOH), on the development of the SWD in imp-DAK rats was investigated.It has been found that in rats given 10 solution as the only drink for three months, the incidence of the SWD episodes increased merkedly.The increase was most clearly seen after ETOH withdrawal and on the 90th day after exposure no tendency to decline could be observed.The obtained data indicate that exposure to exogenous substances may exert a distinquishable long-lasting influence on the development of the SWD activity.
8

Manifestations of ageing at the cytogenetic level

80%
Wojda A., Witt M.
Journal of Applied Genetics
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2003
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vol. 44
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issue 3
383-399
EN
The effects of ageing in humans appear to be a combination of influence of genetically programmed phenomena and exogenous environmental factors, and take place at the cellular level (senescence), rather than at the level of the organism. There are many processes, which occur in somatic cells as a consequence of DNA replication (accumulation of DNA errors or mutations that outstrip repair processes, telomere shortening, deregulation of apoptosis, etc.) and which drive replicative senescence in human cells. DNA errors are considered to be critical primary lesions in the formation of chromosomal aberrations. It can be concluded that the chromosome aberrations are biomarkers of ageing in human cells. Studies of human metaphases, interphase nuclei and micronuclei showed the increase in loss of chromosomes and the increase in frequency of stable chromosome aberrations as a function of age.
9

Human mitochondria in health, disease, ageing and cancer

80%
Bartnik E., Lorenc A., Mroczek K.
Journal of Applied Genetics
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2001
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vol. 42
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issue 1
65-71
EN
In every human cell there are hundreds of mitochondria, which are required for oxidative phosphorylation as well as many other metabolic processes. Each mitochondrion contains approximately 5 mitochondrial DNA molecules. These circular DNAs of 16.5 kb in size contain only 39 genes . Mutations in mitochondrial DNA are responsible for many diseases. Alterations in these molecules may also play a role in ageing and in tumour formation.
10

The influence of aging in one tauopathy: Alzheimer 's disease

80%
Avila J.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
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2004
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vol. 52
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issue 6
410-413
EN
In this short review, the link between aging and the onset of Alzheimer's disease is discussed. It has been widely suggested that aging is the greatest risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, in which a failure in the insulin signal-transduction pathway could occur with age and, thereby, the assembly of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (two aberrant structures present in Alzheimer's disease) could be promoted. The main component of neurofibrillary tangles is the microtubule-associated protein tau, and the assembly of tau protein appears to occur after its modification by phosphorylation. In this phosphorylation, some protein kinases related to the insulin-transduction pathway could play a role.
11
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Object recognition is not impaired in old rats

80%
Lukaszewska I., Radulska I.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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1994
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vol. 54
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issue 2
143-150
12
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Age-related differences in performance of stereotype arm movements: movement and posture interaction

70%
Błaszczyk J. W., Lowe D. L., Hansen P. D.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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1997
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vol. 57
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issue 1
49-57
EN
Postural destabilizations in response to cyclic pull and push arm movements were compared in young and elderly subjects, with the goal of determining how age related differences in postural stability influence strategies of cyclic arm movements made at different speeds, against different loads and while standing on support surfaces of different compliances. The results show that elderly subjects performed the experimental task more slowly with a lower mean movement frequency and a smaller amplitude. Despite of this fact, the elderly's upright posture was destabilized by this movement to a greater extent than in young subjects. The older adults exhibited lower damping of the disturbing torques produced by arm movements as evidenced by a higher amplitude of the center of foot pressure excursions. The results document close reciprocal motor and posture interaction and indicate that parameters of the voluntary movement task such as cyclic arm movements might be used as a sensitive measure of postural stability.
13

Biochemical properties and clinical effects of the products formed during the glycation of proteins

70%
Staniszewska M., Gamian A.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
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2003
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vol. 57
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issue 2
123-147
EN
Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are formed during non-enzymatic glycation - the process occurring in vitro and in the organism. The glycation products accumulate in tissues and interact with specific receptors, what induces various cellular responses. Some enzymes important in metabolism can be also glycated. The disturbances of homeostasis, related to the glycation products, are the reason for complications observed in diabetes and aging processes. There are presented in this paper: mechanism of the formation of AGEs, their cellular receptor (RAGE), as well as the effects of glycation in aging, diabetes and Alzheimer disease. Finally, there are described the compounds which could be useful as inhibitors of glycation in clinical practice.
14
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Expression of c-fos in response to stressogenic stimuli in the amygdala of old vs. young rats ? a preliminary study

70%
Boguszewski P., Zagrodzka J.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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2005
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vol. 65
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issue 2
191-194
EN
During aging many of the brain functions became deteriorated or altered. One of the most important age related changes is an increase of anxiety level, reported both in humans and in animals. Our study was intended to compare c-fos gene expression in amygdala, the key structure in anxiety/fear regulation, in old (24 months old) and young (4 months old) rats exposed to various behavioral stimulations. There were no differences between age groups in basal c-Fos expression. After social encounter c-Fos expression level in amygdala increased significantly, but still remained independent on age. Significant differences between both groups appeared after open field test and immobilization test. Contrary to the findings on young adults indicating the correlations between increased anxiety level and higher c-Fos expression, old rats showed increased anxiety together with significantly lower c-Fos expression.
15

Disturbances in neurotransmission processes in aging and age-related diseases

61%
Ossowska K.
Polish Journal of Pharmacology
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1993
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vol. 45
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issue 2
109-131
EN
This paper reviews the changes in dopaminergic, cholinergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission, which occur in the aging of central nervous system CNS and in age-related diseases: Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD).
16
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Molecular biology of brain aging and neurodegenerative disorders

61%
Wisniewski T., Frangione B.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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1996
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vol. 56
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issue 1
267-279
EN
A significant component of the aging process is genetically determined. Numerous theories of aging exist, many of which postulate the existence of "longevity genes". Recent advances in molecular biological and other techinques have allowed a significantly greater understanding of aging and age-related disease. This will be illustrated by four genetic and sporadic diseases: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related disorders, transthyretin dementia, cerebral amyloid angiopathy-Icelandic type and scrapie related diseases. Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common of this group, is the leading cause of dementia in Western countries. Recent genetic and biochemical studies have shown in involvement of at least four genes in the pathogenesis of AD. In early-onset familial AD mutations in the (beta)PP, S182 (presenilin 1) and STM2 (presenilin 2 or E5-1) genes have been found, while in the more common late-onset AD the presence of the apolipoprotein E4 isotype is a major risk factor. Genetic studies have also helped to elucidate the etiology of rarer cerebral amyloidoses such as the recently described Hungarian amyloidosis that is characterized by meningocerebrovascular amyloid deposition, with resultant dementia. This disease is linked to a mutation in the transthyretin gene. It is hoped that in the near future this increase in knowledge will allow the development of therapeutic approaches to slow the aging process.
17

The role of melatonin in human physiology and pathology.II.Involvement of melatonin in pathogenesis of affective and chronobiological disorders, Melatonin and aging

61%
Slowinska-Klencka D., Lewinski A.
|
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vol. 47
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issue 4
267-276
EN
In the second part of this review the role of in of and is discussed. Current views on melatonin involvement in aging are presented. Clinical experiments on the possible usefulness of melatonin in treatment of various types of cancers and hypothetical mechanisms of oncostatic influence of melatonin are also summarized.
18
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The second layer neurones of the entorhinal cortex and the perforant path in physiological agening and Alzheimer's disease

61%
Morys J., Sadowski M., Barcikowska M., Maciejewska B., Narkiewicz O.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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1994
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vol. 54
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issue 1
47-53
19
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Alzheimer's beta-amyloid peptide as a source of neurotoxic free radicals: the role of structural effects

41%
Pogocki D.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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2003
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vol. 63
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issue 2
131-145
EN
This mini review gives a brief overview over the oxidation mechanism of methionine (Met), relevant for processes which may lead to the oxidation of amyloid beta-peptide (betaAP), involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer?s disease. The Cu II-catalysed oxidation of C-terminal Met 35 in AP depends on the secondary structure of the peptide. That seems to be the key to the known propensities of this peptide to form reactive oxygen species and free radicals. The pro-oxidant character of betaAP is not associated with its -beta sheet insoluble form. On the contrary, the alpha-helically organised structure is responsible for betaAP redox-related cytotoxicity.
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