Theoretical studies of the influence of electronic and atomic structure of a tip on scanning tunneling microscopy images are presented. Results are discussed for the scanning of Al(001) and Al(001)+Xe surfaces performed within aluminum and nickel tips of a different geometry.
Scanning tunneling microscopy is used to obtain images of reconstructed W(111) and W(211) surfaces. The reconstruction is induced by submonolayer coverages of carbon and oxygen.
The authors review recent studies of high temperature superconductors conducted with scanning tunneling and magnetic force microscopes. Emphasis is placed on the importance of surface and probe characterization, both of which are likely to affect the detailed nature of the observations.
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