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Oddziaływania allelopatyczne sinic i mikroglonów w środowisku wodnym

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Śliwińska-Wilczewska S., Latała A.
Kosmos
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2017
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vol. 66
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issue 2
217-224
PL
The term "allelopathy" was introduced to science in 1937 by Hans Molisch, who used the concept of allelopathy to identify negative impact of chemicals secreted by a plant on the growth of other neighboring plants. In 1996, the International Allelopathy Society has broadened the meaning of allelopathy as any inhibitory or stimulatory process in which chemical substances secreted by various organisms interact with their ecosystem. Allelopathy may be one of the factors contributing to formation and maintenance of cyanobacterial and algal blooms, which strongly affect coastal marine ecosystems and cause economic problems for commercial aquaculture. A better understanding of the complexity and nature of underlying allelopatic interactions may help to explain the emergence of massive blooms of cyanobacteria and algae in many aquatic ecosystems.
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Trening w wodzie u pacjentów z chorobami sercowo-naczyniowymi / Training in water in patients with cardiovascular disease

100%
Borgosz-Guźda A., Bartczyszyn-Guzik M., Rożek K.
Physiotherapy
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2011
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vol. 19
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issue 2
16-20
EN
The water environment presents great opportunities for a comprehensive impact on functioning of the human body and special, very favourable conditions for kinesiotherapy. Regular exercises belong the key elements of rehabilitation, they are usually conducted in the form of walking on a treadmill or riding on an exercise bike. Exercises in water are usually offered to patients who have arthritis pain hindering them to exercise on land. There few studies evaluating the possibility of training in water for cardiac patients, although in recent years, this problem is arousing increasing interest throughout the world. Previous attempts to assess the efficiency and safety training in the water environment have been carried out in patients after myocardial infarction and surgical treatment of coronary artery disease in patients with coronary artery disease and chronic heart failure, and the in elderly. Choosing the water temperature accurately for exercising and the level of immersion of the patient determine the effects of the therapy. It is also necessary to monitor hemodynamic parameters in the class. The quality of collaboration with the patient and his subjective feelings during the course are vital
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Initiating Biodegradation of Polyvinylpyrrolidone in an Aqueous Aerobic Environment: Technical Note / Zainicjowanie Biodegradacji Poliwinylopirolidonu W Środowisku Wodno-Tlenowym: Notatki Techniczne

84%
Julinova M., Kupec J., Slavik R., Vaskova M.
Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S
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2013
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vol. 20
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issue 1
199-208
EN
A synthetic polymer, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP - E 1201) primarily finds applications in the pharmaceutical and food industries due to its resistance and zero toxicity to organisms. After ingestion, the substance passes through the organism unchanged. Consequently, it enters the systems of municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) without decomposing biologically during the waste treatment process, nor does it attach (through sorption) to particles of activated sludge to any significant extent, therefore, it passes through the system of a WWTP, which may cause the substance to accumulate in the natural environment. For this reason the paper investigates the potential to initiate aerobic biodegradation of PVP in the presence of activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant. The following agents were selected as the initiators of the biodegradation process - co-substrates: acrylamide, N-acethylphenylalanine and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, a substance with a similar structure to PVP monomer. The biodegradability of PVP in the presence of co-substrates was evaluated on the basis of biological oxygen demand (BOD) as determined via a MicroOxymax O2/CO2/CH4 respirometer. The total substrate concentration in the suspension equaled 400 mg·dm-3, with the ratio between PVP and the cosubstrate being 1:1, while the concentration of the dry activated sludge was 500 mg·dm-3. Even though there was no occurrence of a significant increase in the biodegradation of PVP alone in the presence of a co-substrate, acrylamide appeared to be the most effective type of co-substrate. Nevertheless, a recorded decrease in the slope of biodegradation curves over time may indicate that a process of primary decomposition was underway, which involves the production of metabolites that inhibit activated sludge microorganisms. The resulting products are not identified at this stage of experimentation.
PL
Syntetyczny polimer, poliwinylopirolidon (PVP - E 1201), znajduje zastosowanie przede wszystkim w przemyśle farmaceutycznym i spożywczym ze względu na jego odporność i brak toksyczności dla organizmów. Po spożyciu substancja ta przechodzi przez organizm niezmieniona. W związku z tym, że w procesie przetwarzania odpadów w komunalnym systemie oczyszczalni ścieków (OŚ) polimer ten nie ulega rozkładowi biologicznemu ani nie jest znacząco sorbowany w osadzie czynnym, może on gromadzić się w środowisku naturalnym. Ze względu na istnienie tych problemów w artykule przedstawiono możliwości aerobowej inicjacji biodegradacji PVP w obecności osadu czynnego miejskiej oczyszczalni ścieków. Jako inicjatory procesu biodegradacji zostały wybrane następujące środki: kosubstraty, akryloamid, N-acetylofenyloalanina i 1-metylo-2-pirolidon, substancje o strukturze podobnej do monomeru PVP. Biodegradację PVP w obecności kosubstratów oceniano na podstawie biologicznego zapotrzebowania na tlen (BOD), określonego za pomocą respirometru MicroOxymax O2/CO2/CH4. Całkowite stężenie substratu w zawiesinie wynosiło 400 mg · dm-3 dla stosunku PVP i kosubstratu wynoszącego 1:1 oraz dla stężenia suchego osadu czynnego wynoszącego 500 mg · dm-3. Chociaż nawet w tym układzie nie stwierdzono wzrostu biodegradacji samego PVP w obecności kosubstratu, to sam akryloamid okazał się najbardziej efektywnym rodzajem podłoża. Niemniej jednak, zauważony spadek nachylenia krzywych biodegradacji w czasie może wskazywać, że zachodzi proces rozkładu pierwotnego, który wiąże się z produkcją metabolitów hamujących aktywowane mikroorganizmy osadu. Otrzymane produkty nie zostały zidentyfikowane na tym etapie badań.
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