Background. Running is one of the most popular physical activities worldwide. There are many benefits of running, however, the data show correlation between running training and a high risk of injury. The im of the study was assessment of the effect of proprioception training on foot loading during running. Material and methods. 56 amateur runners (37 females and 19 males) participated in the project. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups. The control group performed standard warm up while the research group performed proprioceptive warm up. Before and after the warm up, gait parameters were assessed in both groups using FDM ZEBRIS h/p cosmos mercury med treadmill. Results. There were nosignificant changes in the following parameters: foot angle, step length, step width, lateral symmetry, the time of maximal pressure exerted on the forefoot and the heel, and maximal forefoot load in both groups. A significant decrease (p<0.05) in forefoot and heel maximal load and maximal ground reaction force exerted on the front foot, midfoot and heel was found in the training group. Forefoot maximal load time was significantly shorter (p<0.05) in the training group. No between-group differences were found. Conclusios. 1. Proprioception warm up decreases maximal loading forces in all foot regions and shortens forefoot foot maximal loading time, therefore it could be used to change foot loading patterns during running. 2. The study outcome indicates the need of further research on this topic with more participants, longer time and prospective observation of injury rate in study groups.
PL
Wstęp. Bieganie jest jedną z najpopularniejszych form aktywności fizycznej na całym świecie. Pomimo dowodów na zdrowotne korzyści biegania, obecne statystyki wskazują, że wiąże się ono z relatywnie wysokim ryzykiem urazów, których jedną z przyczym może być zaburzona propriocepcja. Celem pracy była ocena wpływu ćwiczeń proprioceptywnych na zmianę obciążania stóp podczas biegu i poprawę czucia głębokiego. Materiał i metody. Materiał badany stanowiło 56 biegaczy-amatorów (37 kobiet i 19 mężczyzn), podzielonych losowo na dwie grupy – wykonującą rozgrzewkę z elementami ćwiczeń proprioceptywnych oraz wykonującą rozgrzewkę standardową. Przed i po rozgrzewce dokonano pomiaru parametrów chodu na bieżni tensometrycznej. Wyniki. Nie wykazano istotnych zmian w następujących parametrach: kąt zewnętrzny stopy, długość kroku, szerokość kroku, boczna symetria, czas maksymalnego obciążenia śródstopia i pięty, maksymalne obciążenie śródstopia w żadnej z grup. Wykazano istotne zmniejszenie w grupie badanej maksymalnego obciążeniaprzodostopia i pięty oraz maksymalnej siły nacisku na przodostopie, śródstopie i piętę (p<0,05). Istotnemu skróceniu uległ czas maksymalnego obciążenia przodostopia w grupie badanej (p<0,05). W grupie kontrolnej nie odnotowano istotnych zmian. Wnioski. 1. Ćwiczenia propriocepcji zmniejszają wartość maksymalnego obciążenia i siły nacisku na wszystkie rejony stopy oraz skracają czas maksymalnego obciążenia przodostopia w trakcie biegu. Mogą zatem zostać wykorzystane do uzyskania zmiany w sposobie obciążania stopy w trakcie biegu. 2. Uzyskane wyniki stanowią podstawę do kontynuowania badań przez dłuższy okres wraz z udziałem liczniejszej grupy badanych oraz prospektywnej oceny urazowości w badanych grupach.
Purpose. Massage therapy is one of most commonly applied treatments during athletic training. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of sports massage therapy on reducing post-exercise quadriceps muscle soreness. Methods. A sample of 29 women aged 24-26 years was divided into an experimental group (n = 15) receiving classic sports massage therapy and a control group (n = 14) given no treatment. An exercise session consisting of five sets of deep squat jumps was administered after which lower limb power as assessed via the vertical jump test. Muscle soreness was assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and exercise intensity with the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale. Subsequent measurements of lower limb power and muscle soreness were performed 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after the exercise session. Differences between the measurements were assessed by the Friedman and least significant difference tests while between-group comparisons involved the Mann-Whitney U test. Results. The largest decrease in lower limb power was observed between the first measurement after the exercise session and 24 h later (p < 0.01). The smallest decrease in power was observed in the massage group. The highest levels of muscle soreness were noted 24 h post-exercise in the massage group and 48 h post-exercise in the control group. The experimental group showed a decrease in muscle soreness in each subsequent measurement, with the results close to zero on the VAS 96 h postexercise. Conclusions. Massage therapy quickened recovery and improved muscle efficiency post-exercise and may serve as an effective treatment of muscle soreness. The analgesic effect of massage suggests it should be widely applied in sport, physical therapy and rehabilitation.
Introduction: Postural instability is important element of clinical presentation of patients with Parkinson disease. Objective of study was stabilometric evaluation of posture of patients with PD in comparison with healthy ones. Material and methods: 43 patients with PD and 46 healthy persons entered the study. TecnoBody platform was used for stabilometric assessment. Posture stability assessment was performed with and without patient’s sight control. Patients with PD were tested in “on” mode. Results: The results of open eyes test in patients with PD were: P-T speed 11,86 ± 12,5 m/s, P-B speed 8,49±7,4 m/s, perimeter 385,3±368,2mm, ellipse field 388,58 ±658,6mm2. Results obtained in the eyes closed test were: P-T speed 20,44±18 m/s, P-B speed 13,09±10,5 m/s, perimeter 637,21 ±530,9mm, ellipse field 756,16±888,7mm2. Results in healthy controls in open eyes test were: P-T speed 5,23±2 m/s, P-B speed 4,26±1,7 m/s, perimeter 176,67 ±66mm, ellipse field 100,23 ±71,1mm2. Fairly results obtained in eyes shut test were: P-T speed 10,28±4,4 m/s, P-B speed 5,91±3 m/s, perimeter 296,26 ±123,9mm, ellipse field 218 ±140,7mm2. Statistically significant differences (p<0,05) between groups in all four stabilometric parameters in both tests were recorded. Conclusions: 1. Increased deflection of body’s center of gravity in patients with PD causes imbalance which may be a reason of any falls. 2. Positive correlation was observed between age and perimeter values in control group in tests with eyes closed and opened. The correlation was not observed in tested group.
Background. Shoulder injuries are frequent problems in overhead workers or athletes, also swimmers. The aim of the study was rotator cuff injury assessment in young adults, beginning swimming training. Material and methods. A 4-month prospective cohort study was carried out in 52 physiotherapy students from Warsaw Medical University. 28 participants, aged 19-21, took part in swimming training including at least 1 session per week. The control group comprised 24 not training adults. Assessment procedure consisted of a questionnaire including questions pertaining to demographics, anthropometric features, training and injury history. Isokinetic shoulder internal (IR) and external rotation (ER) motion were measured. Strength and speed parameters were similar in both groups at the first assessment. Results. After the 4-month training period, both parameters significantly changed (p<0.05) in the training group. In the control group only strength parameters were better. Conclusions. 1. The 4-month training period was sufficient to improve rotator cuff speed and strength parameters, what possibly can help decrease shoulder injury rate. 2. Even a short term training can increase the difference in the strength and speed parameters in favor of the dominant limb. In swimmers, we should complement swimming training to obtain balance between the dominant and the non-dominant limb.
PL
Wstęp. Urazy stawu ramiennego stanowią jedną z najczęściej zgłaszanych dolegliwości ze strony narządu ruchu u osób trenujących dyscypliny sportowe, w tym pływanie lub wykonujących zawód wymagający unoszenia ramienia powyżej 90°. Celem pracy była próba oceny ryzyka powstania urazu stożka rotatorów u osób rozpoczynających regularne pływanie. Materiał i metody. Grupę badaną stanowiło 28 osób, które rozpoczęły regularne treningi pływackie. W grupie kontrolnej znajdowały się 24 osoby nietrenujące. W obu grupach przeprowadzono ocenę parametrów siłowych i czasowych w badaniu izokinetycznym dla ruchu rotacji wewnętrznej i zewnętrznej w warunkach skurczu koncentrycznego, przy prędkości 120°/s. Badania zostały przeprowadzone w odstępie 4 miesięcy. Wyniki. Grupy przed okresem treningowym były porównywalne w zakresie parametrów siłowych i szybkościowych. Grupa badana poprawiła się znacznie w zakresie parametrów siłowych i czasowych (p<0,05). Grupa kontrolna poprawiła się istotnie statystycznie jedynie w zakresie parametrów siłowych. Wnioski. 1. Czteromiesięczny trening pływacki wydaje się być wystarczający, aby poprawić parametry siłowe i czasowe mięśni stożka rotatorów, co może zmniejszać urazowość barku. 2. Nawet krótkotrwały trening pływacki może powodować powiększenie się asymetrii w parametrach siłowo-czasowych pomiędzy kończynami na korzyść kończyny dominującej. Należy zatem zwrócić uwagę na trening uzupełniający, który pozwoli na zachowanie symetrii pomiędzy stroną dominującą i niedominującą.
The aim of this work was to estimate the effectiveness of kinesiotaping (KT) in the reduction of delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) of the quadriceps femoris. 41 young women were examined. In the study, two groups applied kinesiotaping - the first with a relaxing application (Group 1); and the second with a lymphatic one (Group 2). Women from the control group used no treatment to help in the exertion restitution. All of the women performed a vertical jump test and training of their lower limbs (5 series of squat jumps). The research tools were the VAS scale (for the estimation of pain) and the Borg Scale (for a subjective estimation of the intensity of effort). The measurements (the vertical jump test and the intensification of the pain) were repeated 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after the training where the exertion occurred. In all of the groups, the greatest regress of the vertical jump test was observed between the first and the second measurement - and this difference was statistically essential (p<0.01). The least fall in power was noticed in the women who had received the lymphatic KT application; while the greatest fall in results of vertical jump test was observed in the persons with the KT relaxing application. The greatest level of pain in Groups 1 and 2 was noted during the second measurement, which was 24 hours after the training; whereas in the control group, the greatest pain was observed in the third measurement. It can be concluded that the kinesiotaping has a bearing on the acceleration of the regeneration and increased the efficiency of the examined muscles.
Introduction. The high requirements in terms of physical fitness of hockey players may be a factor predisposing to injuries. The purpose of the study was to determine the functional limitations of the locomotor system of children practicing ice hockey. Materials and met hods. 104 children took part in the study, including 16 girls and 88 boys, divided into two groups. The first group consisted of children practicing hockey (n=38). The second group consisted of children who do not practice hockey (n=66). The research tool was the FMS test consisting of seven movement activities graded on a 0 - 3 scale. The Mann - Whitney U test was used to evaluate the differences between particular groups, and the Wilcoxon’s test was used to evaluate the differences between the sides. The rela tionships between the variables were established based on the rho Spearmann correlation. The minimal statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results. The boys practicing hockey obtained a significantly higher total result than the boys who are not hock ey players (p=0.008). The girls practicing hockey obtained a result close to their peers who do not play hockey. A significant positive correlation was observed between the age of the players and the result obtained in the FMS test in the group of hockey p layers (r=0.77; p<0.001), and between the training experience and the result of the test (r=0.49; p<0.01). Conclusion. The players obtained a significantly statistically higher result in the FMS test, which may indicate a higher level of functional fitness , resulting from a rational training and the acceleration of motor development.
The purpose of this study was to determine if physical activity of different intensity has an effect on reduction of delayed onset muscle soreness. Eighty women divided into two groups participated in the study. Subjects from Group 1 participated in the training of upper libs, whereas subjects from group 2 – in the training of lower limbs. Tests of power of upper limbs – the active overhang on the bar (Gr. 1) and power of lower limbs – the vertical jump test (Gr. 2), visual analog scale of pain (VAS) and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) were used as investigative tools. The majority of studied women were characterized by the high level of physical activity. Physical activity level had strong positive correlation (r = 0.54; p < 0.001) with the reduction of pain. Taking into account the partition according to the kind of physical activity, there was observed some significant correlation between the diminution of delayed onset muscle soreness and the level of moderate activity and walking (relocating). Physical activity level positively correlated with the reduction of delayed onset muscle soreness. Moderate physical activity and walking proved to be the most beneficial from the reduction of delayed onset muscle soreness point of view.
The organisation of degree programmes in European countries differs with duration of the programme, number and content of hours of courses. The aim of this study was to assess the degree of satisfaction with studying in students. 299 final-year students from 5 countries: 20 from Bulgaria (BG), 100 - Spain (ES), 21 - Latvia (LV), 58 - Turkey (TUR), and 100 - Poland (PL). An anonymous and voluntary questionnaire designed by the authors in national languages. The response rate: 86%. Statistica 9.0, the Kruskall-Wallis test, p < 0.05. While most students would choose to study Physiotherapy again, fewer PL would choose the same university (p < 0.05). 42%PL, 50%ES, 22%TUR stated that the number of class hours of practical courses was too low (p < 0.05). 39%PL, 58%ES, 22%TUR believed that the time of direct work with patients was too short (p < 0.05). TUR (4.13) declared a higher level of satisfaction with studying than PL (3.73) and ES (3.95) (p < 0.05). ES rated their competence in basic clinical areas as lower (p < 0.001) than PL and TUR. More ES (44%) than PL (24%) and TUR (37%) felt well-prepared to look for work (p < 0.05). Conclusion: 1.The organization of a degree programme may influence the level of satisfaction with studying. 2. Regardless of the organization of a degree programme, it is necessary to increase the number of class hours of practical courses and the number of hours devoted to supplying students with qualified information about the latest methods in physiotherapy
Introduction. Martial arts and combat sports are practical sports that are being practised by an increasing number of women. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the ability of female judo, taekwondo and karate competitors to fall safely and their susceptibility to injuries during falls. Material and methods. A total of 120 persons participated in the research. The study group consisted of 45 female judo, taekwondo (WTF) and karate Shotokan competitors; in the control group there were 75 persons who did not practise sport professionally. The research tools included the Test of Susceptibility to Injury during Falls (TSIDF) developed by Kalina and a questionnaire designed by the authors. Results. The female martial arts competitors had considerably lower TSIDF results (p<0.001), which means that they made fewer errors when performing motor tasks. The mean result of the TSIDF was 2.48 for the study group and 6.08 for the control one. Significant differences (p<0.001) were found between the groups for all types of errors and all of the motor tasks. Conclusions. Women practising combat sports and martial arts made significantly fewer errors in the Test of Susceptibility to Injuries During Falls, which can be seen as evidence for the practical usefulness of the training they are undergoing.
Study aim: the aim of this study was to assess the relationship between classical sport massage of the hand and the forearm and the surface temperature of upper limb muscles, and between hand grip strength and the range of motion in the radiocarpal joint. Material and methods: study participants comprised 35 women not engaging in competitive sport, aged 19–23 years. Thermal images were taken with a Flir A325 camera. Hand grip strength was measured using an analogue dynamometer. The range of motion in the radiocarpal joint was measured using a goniometer. All tests and measurements were performed twice: directly before and after the massage of the hand and the forearm (of the right limb). Classical massage was applied on the dorsal and palmar surfaces of the hand and on the anterior and posterior surfaces of the forearm. Results: after the massage, the temperature of the right limb increased significantly, as did the temperature of the posterior surface of the left limb. However, no change in temperature was observed on the anterior surfaces of the left forearm and the left arm. A significant increase in the range of motion in the right radiocarpal joint (in all planes) was observed. No significant differences in hand grip strength measured with a dynamometer were found before and after the massage. Conclusions: while classical sport massage increases muscle temperature, it does not improve effort capacity, and therefore it is not a sufficient means of preparing an athlete for physical effort. The massage increased the range of motion in the massaged limb, which mostly indicates the relaxing effect of the treatment.
Background. Accumulated overload is the most frequent reason of injuries in sport climbing. The injuries are usually sustained in the areas of the shoulder joint and rotator cuff. The aim of the study was to evaluate, the function of shoulder rotators in competitive climbers and non-climbers under isokinetic conditions. Material and methods. The sample comprised 61 participants, including 31 competitive climbers and 30 non-climbers. External and internal rotation tests were conducted under isokinetic conditions. Peak torque (PT), average power (AP) of the shoulder joint and the percentage values of external/ internal rotator ratios were subjected to analysis, Results. The PT obtained from external and internal rotators and the AP values obtained from both muscle groups in both upper limbs were higher in climbers (p<0.05). Conversely, the AP values in external to internal rotator ratios were lower in this group (p<0,05). Statistically significant differences were found between the dominant and the non-dominant upper limb, reflected by PT values obtained from internal rotators in climbers (test group) and the AP and PT values obtained from the external rotators in non-climbers (control group). The comparison of asymmetry between the upper limbs revealed 10 % asymmetry. The highest difference was observed in PT values obtained from internal rotators t (48% climbers, 73% non-climbers, p>0.05). No dependency was found between asymmetry and chronic pain. Conclusion 1.Adaptive changes observed in competitive climbers are similar to these occurring in athletes practicing sport disciplines that require lifting of the upper limbs above the head. 2. Adaptive changes influencing the assessment of shoulder joint function need to be confirmed in a larger sample of competitive climbers. Different movement velocities and muscle activation patterns should be included in future study protocols.
PL
Wstęp. Najczęstszą przyczyną urazów we wspinaczce sportowej są sumujące się przeciążenia. Urazy często występują w obrębie stawu ramiennego, co jest powiązane z funkcją mięśni rotujących. Celem pracy była ocena w warunkach izokinetycznych funkcji mięśni rotujących staw ramienny u osób uprawiających wspinaczkę w odniesieniu do osób nietrenujących. Materiał i metody. W badaniu wzięło udział 61 osób, w tym 31 osób uprawiających wspinaczkę w grupie badanej oraz 30 osób nietrenujących w grupie kontrolnej. Przeprowadzono testy rotacji zewnętrznej i wewnętrznej w warunkach izokinetycznych. Analizie poddano maksymalny moment obrotowy i średnią moc rotatorów stawu ramiennego oraz stosunek wartości ww. parametrów rotatorów zewnętrznych do rotatorów wewnętrznych [%]. Wyniki. W obu kończynach wyższe wartości maksymalnego momentu obrotowego mięśni rotatorów wewnętrznych i zewnętrznych oraz średnią moc obu grup mięśniowych osiągnęły osoby z grupy badanej (p<0,05). Stosunek średniej mocy rotatorów zewnętrznych do wewnętrznych był niższy w grupie badanej(p<0,05). Wykazano różnice istotne statystycznie między kończyną dominującą a niedominującą dotyczące maksymalnego momentu obrotowego rotatorów wewnętrznych w grupie badanej oraz maksymalnego momentu obrotowego i średniej mocy rotatorów zewnętrznych w grupie kontrolnej (p<0,05). Porównując częstość występowania asymetrii powyżej 10% między kończynami, największą różnicę zaobserwowano dla maksymalnego momentu sił rotatorów wewnętrznych (48% osób z grupy badanej, 73% osób z grupy kontrolnej, p>0,05). Nie odnaleziono związku między obecnością asymetrii a przewlekłym występowaniem dolegliwości bólowych. Wnioski 1.Zmiany adaptacyjne obserwowane w grupie wspinaczy sportowych są podobne, jak u zawodników innych dyscyplin sportowych wymagających unoszenia ramion powyżej poziomu głowy 2. Zweryfikowanie wpływu zachodzących zmian przystosowawczych na funkcję stawu ramiennego wspinaczy wymaga badań na większej grupie wspinaczy sportowych oraz zastosowania różnych prędkości ruchu i aktywności mięśniowej w protokole badawczym.
Introduction. In the face of the more and more general threat with civilization diseases the promotion of healthy lifestyle should be one of main activities of educational and medical institutions. Aim. The aim of the work was comparison of chosen elements of healthy lifestyle between the young physically active women and non-sports ones. Material and methods. The survey was carried out on 156 women aged 18-35 years, divided into two groups. Persons physically active were classified into Group 1 (n=72), whereas into Group 2 - non-active ones (n=84). The investigative tool was the Inventory of Health-Related Behaviours by Juczyński (where health-related behaviours were rated in four categories: proper nutrition habits, prophylaxis behaviours, and positive attitude and health practices). Differences between the data were qualified with the t-student test for independent groups; level p≤0.05 was accepted as of minimum significance. Results. The results show that physically active persons pay greater attention to healthy lifestyle than non-sports people. The general indicator of health-related behaviours was noticeably higher in Group 1 (p=0.007). Greatest differences (p=0.008) were noted within the range of nutritional habits, and the least significant ones - in positive attitude (p=0.546). Conclusion. The positive influence of the physical activity on other aspects of the healthy lifestyle has been proven. It seems legitimate to promote physical activity among women of every age
Cel pracy: celem pracy była analiza postrzegania postaw studentów fizjoterapii uczelni medycznych (PM), uczelni o profilu wychowanie fizyczne (PWF) oraz pozostałych uczelni (IP) wobec własnej grupy zawodowej oraz towarzystw naukowych związanych z fizjoterapią i rehabilitacją. Materiał i metody: badaniami objęto łącznie 593 studentóow 10 polskich uczelni: 4 PM, 2 PWF i 4 IP. Badania zostały przeprowadzone w marcu i kwietniu 2009 roku wśród studentów III roku. Udział w badaniu był dobrowolny. Narzędziem badawczym był anonimowy, autorski, kwestionariusz zawierający łącznie 88 pytań. Do analizy prezentowanych w niniejszej pracy wyników wybrano 5 pytań. Analiza statystyczna: test Kruskalla-Wallisa i test Chi-kwadrat (X2); p < 0,05, STATISTICA 8.0, licencja WUM. Wyniki: w badanej grupie dominowała opinia, że grupa zawodowa fizjoterapeutów w Polsce jest podzielona: 41% PM, 44% PWF i 39% IP (p = NS), jednakże duża grupa badanych nie miała na ten temat zdania: 41% PM, 40% PWF i 42% IP (p = NS). 25% badanej grupy studentów znało Polskie Towarzystwo Fizjoterapii jako organizację naukową zrzeszającą fizjoterapeutów: 33% PM, 35% PWF oraz 16% IP. Tylko 3% wszystkich studentóow potrafiło wymienić również Polskie Towarzystwo Rehabilitacji. Studenci PM i PWF istotnie częściej (p < 0,001) niż studenci IP znali towarzystwa naukowe. Najbardziej znanym czasopismem naukowym z dziedziny fizjoterapii i rehabilitacji była w badanej grupie studentóow Fizjoterapia Polska - 34% oraz Fizjoterapia 32%. Tylko 11% studentów znało tytuł: Postępy Rehabilitacji. Wniosek: organizacje zawodowe i naukowe zrzeszające fizjoterapeutów powinny podjąć działania promocyjne wśród studentóow, zachęcając tę grupę do czynnego udziału w swych pracach, co wpłynęłoby na ściślejszą integrację grupy zawodowej, która pozwoliłaby z kolei na skuteczniejszą walkę o własne interesy zawodowe.
EN
Aims: the aim of this paper was to analyse the attitudes of physiotherapy students of medical universities (PM), universities of physical education (PWF), and other university-level schools (IP) towards the professional community of physiotherapists. Ma terial and methods: the study enrolled a total of 593 students of 10 Polish universities (4 PM, 2 PWF and 4 IP). The study was carried out in March and April 2009 among third-year students. Participation was voluntary. The data was collected on the basis of an 88-question anonymous questionnaire designed by the authors. The findings presented in this paper are based on the responses to five questions. Statistical analyses utilised the chi-squared test (X2) and the Kruskall-Wallis test at p < 0.05 (STATISTICA 8.0 licensed to Warsaw Medical University). Results: the predominant opinion in the study population (41% PM, 44% PWF, 39% IP; p = NS) was that the physiotherapist community in Poland is divided. However, a considerable percentage of the students (41% PM, 40% PWF, 42% IP; p = NS) had no opinion about that issue. A quarter of the entire study population (33% PM, 35% PWF, 16% IP) named Polish Society of Physiotherapy as a professional organisation for physiotherapists. Only 3% of all students were additionally able to name Polish Society of Rehabilitation. PM and PWF students were able to name scientific societies significantly more frequently (p < 0.001) than IP students. The best known academic journals in physiotherapy and rehabilitation were Fizjoterapia Polska (34%) and Fizjoterapia (32%). Only 11% of the students were able to name Postępy Rehabilitacji. Conclusion: professional and scientific organisations of physiotherapists should undertake promotional activities among students to encourage them to contribute actively to the work of these organisations, which would improve integration of the physiotherapist community, thus helping physiotherapists to defend their professional interests more effectively.
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