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EN
The U-Pb system is a useful chronometer for understanding the formation history of chondritic materials. Modern studies showed that the formation ages of chondrites (4.55–4.56 Ga) effectively equal the formation age of the solar system. Recently, researchers have undertaken U-Pb isotopic studies of phosphates separated from equilibrated ordinary chondrites, which are the major hosts for U and are enriched by an order of magnitude or more relative to the bulk rock (typical U concentrations of 0.1–3 ppm in phosphates). The observed Pb-Pb model ages for these phosphates range from 4.563–4.502 Ga, with an analytical precision of 1 Ma and the U-Pb system is apparently concordant. They also argued that the Pb-Pb ages of the phosphates from several H chondrites show a negative correlation with metamorphic grade. They concluded that thermal processing of the equilibrated chondrites took place over a 60 Ma interval and grain size of the phosphates increases with the degree of metamorphism. In the Leoncin meteorite, apatite reveal the 207Pb/206Pb age, which is 4549±61 Ma. The obtained apatite age in the Leoncin meteorite reflects the early solar system formation process. Moreover, the age is an example of the early solar system metamorphism, which confirms a slightly younger event of secondary changes of the parent body for this meteorite. It is also the first isotopic age of a Polish meteorite.
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Iron meteorites are the only ones to be linked with terrestrial impact craters. As studies show, over half of all iron meteorites shows signs of being shocked some time in their history to pressures over 130 kb. This paper is a short review of main shock metamorphism features in iron meteorites. Mechanisms leading to forming shock metamorphism features are described and examples of application of shock metamorphism studies are given.
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Moldavite are result of melting and mixing of ejecta Cenozoic deposits from Ries crater. The Czech moldavites have different Al, Ca and Si content in contrast to tektites from Lusatian area. Differences in chemical composition of moldavites are caused by local interbedded layers of Tertiary Obere Süâwasser Molasse, which are represented by: quartz sands and limestons with clays.
EN
Mössbauer measurements of ordinary chondrites type H performed in room temperature are presented. Three investigated meteorites: Carancas, Juancheng and Gao-Guenie are new falls with different terrestrial history. Results of weathering in different conditions during terrestrial life are well seen in their Mössbauer spectra. The level of weathering determined by scale W is in perfect agreement with Mössbauer measurements of these three ordinary chondrites.
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Wybuchowe kratery meteorytowe

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EN
The article contains the description of the most important features of explosive craters of meteorites.
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Późno dewońskie impakty

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In 1970 the first hypothesis, which claimed that large meteorite landed in ocean at Frasnian/Famennian boundary and caused mass extinction was proposed. In Late Devonian deposits there are many potential impact evidences. Nonetheless, many years of searching for iridium anomaly, shocked minerals, microtektites and craters in the F/F boundary passage deposits have failed. The most probably crater, which could be connected with F/F boundary is Siljan Ring in Sweden.
EN
The Antonin meteorite fell on July 15, 2021 in Wielkopolska Voivodeship. Its fall was recorded by fireball camera network and the meteorite specimen was recovered soon after, during a dedicated search expedition. Main mass of Antonin was provided for scientific research relatively quickly after recovery, thanks to which the studies of cosmogenic radionuclide concentrations were carried out in the g spectrometry laboratory at the National Center for Nuclear Research in Otwock/Świerk. The analyses revealed concentration of 7Be and the traces of the cosmogenic radionuclides of 48V and 51Cr, whose half-lives are in the range of 15–28 days, clearly confirming the relationship of the specimen with the observed fireball. The relatively high concentrations of 58Co, 56Co, 46Sc, 57Co and 54Mn (half-lives of several months) also confirm the recent fall of the specimen. Additionally, collected radionuclide data allow to estimate pre-atmospheric size of the meteoroid. Distribution of 60Co and 26Al indicates a meteoroid chunk with a radius of 20–25 cm. The result of 26Al measurement suggests that the investigated meteorite fragment comes from a rather shallow depth of this meteoroid. In addition, the original mass of the meteoroid from which the Antonin meteorite originated was estimated to be less than 100 kg, most likely 70 kg.
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Bolesław Buszczyński was interested in meteors. He calculated some orbits of bright meteors and searched connections between these meteors and known comets.
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The shocked cherts and shattered marble breccia had been found in Povtcha, Volhynia, Ukraine in 2005 by Mariusz Paszkowski. The circular structure 10 km in diameter was identified using carthographic methods by authors. Probably, this is an impact crater. The age of the structure was determined to K-T boundary after analysing a sequence of Cretaceous and Tertiary beds.
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Evaluations of an earth-fill dam throughout its service life must ensure the stability of it against seepage and slope failure. This study presents the seepage and slope stability of the Koga earth-fill dam. The analyses were carried out using a finite element based PLAXIS 2D software, and covers the whole dam body; including 20 m of foundation depth. The behavior of both the body and the foundation of the dam were described using the Mohr-Coulomb criterion. Assessments of safety factor and quantity of seepage through the main body of the dam and foundation were carried out at different critical loading conditions. In this study, seepage analysis was undertaken of flow rate, pore water distribution and location of phreatic line. Additional actual field data measurements and observatory investigation were also carried out. From the simulated results, the average flow rate of seepage for the entire length of the body of the dam at normal pool level was equal to 0.06085 m3/s, whereas the figure for that through the foundation of the dam was 0.01937 m3/s. Moreover, total seepage through the main body of the dam at the current reservoir level was 0.04982 m3/s, while the actually measured quantity of seepage accumulated at the downstream toe of the dam was 0.04644 m3/s. The simulated and measured seepage discharges are 93.2 % similar. Based on the result of this study, the resulting factor of safety values during end of construction, steady state condition and rapid drawdown condition were 1.6221, 1.6136 and 1.2199, respectively. Using recommended design standards: United States army corps of engineers (USACE), British dam society (BDS) and Canadian dam association (CDA), the slope stability analysis of the Koga earth dam at all critical loading conditions are safe.
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Enriched with biodiversity, cultural, and historical significance, the northern province has a high ecotourism potential. However, the province has not been achieved its full potential for ecotourism development even after the armed conflict. A one-year study was conducted from April 2020 to May 2021 to investigate the ecotourism potential. Data were collected through an online questionnaire survey and field visits. The ecotourism potentiality was evaluated using Pralong’s method selecting 20 prominent places. Potentiality map for the northern province was produced using ARC GIS 10.3 software. According to the survey, the majority (89%) answered that there is a high potential for the northern province to develop as an ecotourism destination. However, there are several hindrances for this namely lack of community and institution participation, lack of infrastructure, lack of transportation, and the lack of accessibility. According to the analyzed map, the Jaffna district has the highest potentiality for ecotourism development, followed by Mannar, Killinochchi, and Mullaittivu. The Vavuniya district has a low potential for ecotourism development. Therefore, necessary infrastructure development and promotional activities should be operationalized to improve the area as an ecotourism destination. Hence, the northern province has an amazing ecotourism potential for future ecotourism developments in Sri Lanka.
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Geological record contains macro and micro traces of the impacts. Macro traces are much easier to interpretation and diagnosis. Undisputed micro evidences of the impact are platinum group element anomalies and shock minerals. In the proximal parts of strewnfield may occur spherules, iron spinels, fullerenes or even deformed fossils. Nevertheless, due to problematic in the recognition and determine the origin does not qualify them as clear evidences of the impact.
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In presented paper results of the investigation of Martian surface by means of Mössbauer spectroscopy are cited. The measurements were performed during MER mission with the use of “Spirit” and “Opportunity” rovers. Mössbauer spectra were analyzed in Mössbauer Laboratory of Faculty of Physics at Warsaw University of Technology.
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Zaginiony meteoryt Lipno

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In the publication of 1856 there was some information about the meteorite found in the vicinity of Lipno near Płock (central Poland). According to the article’s author it fell down about 1818. The publication also contained the meteorite chemistry, which was examined by A. Laugier in Paris. The current place of keeping the meteorite remains unknown. Unexpected epilogue.
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At the begining of XIX century Karol Kortum – an experimenter in the domain of electric and in chemistry – was the first Polish resercher who analysed the structure of meteorites.
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