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The Fate of Potassium Ions Released from Contractile Muscle during Repeated Supramaximal Exercise

100%
Szczęsna-Kaczmarek A.
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity
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2009
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vol. 1
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issue 1
20-26
EN
Background: The purpose of this paper was to examine the fate of K+ released from contracting muscles during supramaximal exercise repeated three times, which is known to be associated with a large efflux of K+ and lactate into plasma.Material/Methods: Nineteen healthy students of physical education volunteered for the study. All participants performed 30s Wingate Anaerobic Test three times with 7 min rest break. During the exercise test indices of anaerobic capacity were assessed. Parameters characterizing acid base status and potassium ion concentration in plasma, whole blood and erythrocytes were measured before the exercise test, during each break between bouts and 15 min after the end of the exercise.Results: The result showed that plasma and intraerythrocyte ion potassium concentrations were significantly increased after each bout of exercise, but exercise induced plasma hiperkalemia was levelled during the first 5 min of recovery. Simultaneously, ion potassium concentration increased in erythrocytes, but not in urine. Post exercise potassium excretion to urine was lower during 24 hours of recovery than before the exercise.Conclusions: Obtained results suggest that erythrocytes take part in rapid changes of blood potassium level after extreme exercise. We also considered that the rapid decrease in exercise - elevated K+ concentration in plasma due to their transport to erythrocytes as a prevention of the loss of potassium ion by the renal system.
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Anaerobic Power and Dependence on Chosen Anthropometric Parameters in Young Handball Players

45%
Łuszczyk M., Laskowski R., Ziemann E., Grzywacz T., Szczęsna-Kaczmarek A.
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity
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2009
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vol. 1
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issue 1
33-41
EN
Background: The main aim of the present study was an attempt to answer the enquiries concerning the influence of physical training on morphological changes (anthropometric indicators), capability of anaerobic work and their interactions with a natural development of youth in pubertal and post-pubertal age.Material/Methods: The technique of parallel groups was used: experimental (handball trained [TR]) and control (not trained [NT]). The research period comprised two consecutive years. Once per year selected somatic parameters, body composition, biological age, and anaerobic parameters were determined by means of 30 s Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT).Results: Results have shown the high intensity of boys' biological development in circumpubertal age in response to several years of training handball. A further analysis indicated smaller dispersion of parameters describing the growth and physiological development of the TR group than in NT. The results suggest that handball training caused a significant improvement in morphological and functional indicators. Consequently, capabilities of physical effort increase and a more harmonic development is achieved. Moreover, the results have shown that capabilities of anaerobic work in the TR group have differently depended on the time of progressive development, whereas in the NT group there has been an increase in these capabilities in relation to the age of the examined boys.Conclusions: Several years of handball training did not influence the increase in anaerobic efficiency of pre-pubertal age boys. On the other hand, handball training in pubertal and post-pubertal age boys caused a statistically significant increase in maximum anaerobic power (MPWAnT). A high positive correlation between weight and MPWAnT confirms a relationship between anaerobic power and body growth during puberty.
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Cardiorespiratory Responses to Submaximal Exercise in 16-18-Year-Old Trained and Untrained Boys

45%
Łuszczyk M., Ziemann E., Grzywacz T., Laskowski R., Szczęsna-Kaczmarek A.
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity
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2010
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vol. 2
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issue 1
30-35
EN
Background: The aim of this study was to compare chosen parameters and coefficients characterizing the action of the cardiovascular system and the respiratory system at a low level of a cycloergometric exercise in young boys practicing handball and their untrained peers. In the present study we searched for an answer to questions concerning the influence of physical training on children's organism in progressive youth development.Material/Methods: The technique of parallel groups was used: the experimental one (boys training handball, n=12) and the control one (not trained boys, n=58). The developmental age of the subjects was evaluated by percentile charts. A five-minute work on a bicycle ergometer was used to observe reaction of the organism to submaximal exercise below AT. During the test the parameters characterizing the respiratory and cardiovascular systems were measured by means of a gas analyzer Oxycon Pro Jaeger (Viasys) and Breath by Breath program.Results: We noted adapting changes in the circulatory system in young handball players. The group practicing handball showed a higher value of O2·HR-1 (p≤0.05) in comparison with the untrained boys. Oxygen deficit was higher in the trained group, but there were no statistically significant differences between the trained and untrained boys.Conclusions: Training during the biological progressive development causes adaptive changes in the cardiovascular system in the light of an increase in pulse oxygen (O2·HR-1) in submaximal work. Handball training during the biological progressive development causes an increase in oxygen deficit (Def. O2).
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