Fungus Aureobasidium pullulans is the producer of numerous valuable substances (enzymes, melanins, antibiotics). Pullulan - the product of metabolism of A. pullulans strains has a great potential utility in food industry. Since chemical synthesis of pullulan is expensive, a great effort has been made to improve the productivity of A. pullulans strains. The application of mutagenesis (UV light, several chemical mutagenes) allowed to receive mutants with high productivity of that compound. The most promising mutants are those which produce pullulan with
The killer phenotype of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains is based upon the presence of viruses in the cytoplasm of the yeast cells. Resent analysis of the molecular basis in these phenomenon let researchers to reveal its molecular mechanism and ecological function. Mammalian transmissible spongiform encephalopathiesare is likely due to the propagation of an abnormal form of some protein. Such infectious agents, which are termed prions, exist in yeasts. This review highlights the variety of infectious elements present in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as well as their influence on the yeasts properties.
The manuscript elaborates on types, properties and functions of films and edible coatings as well as on benefits that result from the possibility of incorporating into their structures antimicrobial agents in the form of organic acids, natural substances, i.e. bacteriocins, antimicrobial enzymes and also plant oils. In addition, it describes methods for inserting those antimicrobial compounds into edible packages and for their release from the matrix.
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