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1
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EN
The segetal flora of the Łódź Upland includes 302 species of vascular plants and 8 species of Bryophyta. A high contribution of apophytes is typical for this flora (174 species). From among the apophytes, meadow and waterside plants (57 and 34 species, respectively) are dominating. This is due, among others, to the effect of seminatural associations on the composition of the segetal flora of this region. The group of anthropophytes includes 128 species, with a dominance of archeophytes (89 species) and a significant share of epecophytes (18 species). For the flora studied, a preponderance of short-lived species (192) and therophytes (174 species) is characteristic.
PL
W pracy podano wykaz stanowisk 310 gatunków chwastów, zanotowanych w latach 1973-1977 na siedliskach segetalnych Wzniesień Łódzkich. Poza tym przedstawiono ogólną charakterystykę flory segetalnej tego mezoregionu. Na podstawie analizy zebranego i zestawionego materiału stwierdzono zależność składu flory segetalnej omawianego obszai^i od warunków przyrodniczych, poziomu kultury rolnej i nasilenia procesów urbanizacyjnych. Na skutek wzmożonej antropopresji zaznacza się wulgaryzacja i kosmopolityzacja flory segetalnej tej części środkowej Polski.
EN
The paper contains a presentation of general characteristics of segetal flora in environs of Łowicz n\d Sklerniowico as well as a list of 259 weed varieties, which were found on arable fields and in gardens between 1976-1981. These data will constitute a reference point in the course of the planned control of. ecosystems of these areas, and also in organization of the floristic monitoring system.
PL
Artykuł zawiera wyniki badań nad zbiorowiskami chwastów, przeprowadzonych w roku 1974 na gruntach ornych Rolniczego Zakładu Doświadczalnego w Bratoszewicach. Wyróżnione zbiorowiska chwastów pozostają w związku z naturalnymi warunkami siedliskowymi i gospodarczą działalnością człowieka.
EN
The paper contains results of studies performed in 1974 on arable grounds of Agricultural Experimental Station in Bratoszewice (fig. 1), concerning floristic- -phytosociological and ecological characterization of weed associations developing on this area. On the basis of analysis of 60 phytosociological pictures (from among 166 ones made) 2 associations coupled within rotation of crops were distinguished (Vicietum tetraspermae and Spergulo-Echinochloëtum) each of which was internally differentiated into 3 subassociations (tab. 2—7). Differentiation of segetal associations of this are a depends on natural seat consitions and on the level of agriculture (tab. 8, 9). The state of moisture of field seats is described by humudity levels: a typical one and one with with M. arvensis ssp. austriaca (tab. 2—7).
EN
The article contains a list of new localities of 253 weeds species discovered on cultivated fields of the Łódź Elevation. The studies were conducted by means of a lattice of squares 2x2 km (Fig. 1).
5
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Przedmowa

100%
PL
Wydano przy pomocy finansowej Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego oraz Komitetu Badań Naukowych
EN
The article contains a list of new localities of 111 weeds species discovered on cultivated fields of the Łódź Upland in 1987-1991. The studies were conducted by means of a lattice of squares 2 x 2 km (Fig. 1).
EN
The author presents the state and distribution of 10 segetal weeds species in Central Poland (Figs. 1-10). The number and degree of density of localities are determined primarily by habitat conditions and anthropogenic factors.
EN
The study presents data on the occurrence frequency of 19 weed species. Their distribution and degrees of weediness of given cultivated plants and soil — agricultural complexes are presented. Attention is paid to interdependence between a species and its habitat.
EN
The study presents data on the occurrence frequency of 9 weed species. Their distribution and degrees of weediness of given cultivated plants and soil-agricultural complexes are presented. Attention is paid to interdependence between a species and its habitat.
EN
Studies of the synanthropic flora of Sulejów and Podklasztorze were carried out in the years 1974-1978. Moreover, plant species cited previously in the literature from all synanthropic species of the above localities were taken into account. In general, 535 plant species were found on anthropogenous seats of Sulejów and Podklasztorze (Sulejów - 493, Podklasztorze - 434), including 170 species not reported hitherto. Quantitative differences between the synanthropic floras of the two localities are conditioned by their size, pattern and developmental dynamics. Biological spectrum points to a slight ascendancy of perennial over short- -lived species (Sulejów - 51%, Podklasztorze - 52% of the former).
PL
Artykuł zawiera wyniki badań, przeprowadzonych w latach 1974-1978, nad florą synantropijną Sulejowa i Podklasztorza, miejscowości położonych w sąsiedztwie sulejowskiego zbiornika retencyjnego. Florę synantropijną tych miejscowości cechuje duża różnorodność i bogactwo, co wiąże się z zróżnicowaniem siedlisk. Reprezentowana jest ona przez 535 gatunków, w tym 392 (73%) to gatunki wspólne dla Sulejowa i Podklasztorza. Gatunki rodzime - apofity liczą 333 (62,2%), a obce - antropofity 202 (37,8%).
EN
Observations on the segetal flora of the Belcliatow Mining-Energetic District (BMED) were carried out in the years 1976—1980. 248 species of vascular plants were found on segetal stands of this district, among them 65.3% of annual species. From among 248 species of vascular plants, 154 species belonged to apophytes (62.3%) and 94 species to anthropophytes (37.7%). Among apophytes most abundant are meadow species (27.9%), species of sandy turfs and sands (21.4%), aquatic (19.5%), forest and shrub species (14.3%) and species of xerothermic turfs (11.7%). The group of anthropophytes is dominated by archeophytes (67%). The composition of the segetal flora of BMED is consitioned by natural factors and by diverse factors connected with agriculture.
PL
W pracy podano wykaz 248 gatunków chwastów, zanotowanych w latach 1976—1980 na siedliskach segetalnych Bełchatowskiego Okręgu Górniczno- Energetycznego (BOGE). Wśród roślin naczyniowych tego obszaru przeważają gatunki krótkotrwałe (65,3%) oraz apofity (62,3%).
EN
The paper presents results of studies on the synanthropic flora of Sieradz and Zduńska Wola carried out between 1977- -1981. The Synanthropic flora of these towns is characterized by its big diversification and rich variety, which is connected with differentiation of habitats. It includes 502 species in Sieradz (S) and 426 in Zduńska Wola (ZW). Among vascular plants there prevail apothytes (61.6 per cent in Sieradz, and 61.7 per cent in Zduńska Wola).
EN
Observations on the synanthropic flora of Piotrków Trybunalski and Tomaszów Mazowiecki were performed in the years 1975—1979. Moreover, species of synanthropic plants reported earlier in the literature for this area (Kulesza 1918— 1919, Mowszowicz 1960, Sowa 1971, Warcholińska 1974 a. b; are considered. In general, 644 plant species were found on anthropogenic stands of Piotrków Trybunalski and Tomaszów Mazowiecki, from this number 578 species for Piotrków (342 species not reported hitherto) and 622 species for Tomaszów (351 species noted for the first time). Biological spectrum of the species (tab. 1) points to a small predominance of perennial species over annual ones (Piotrków 51.7%, Tomaszów 52.2%). Geographical-historical analysis demonstrated a considerable predominance of apophyles (Piotrków 60.5%>, Tomaszów 62.3% — tab. 2). Among plant species of this group, most abundant were forest and scrub species (Piotrków and Tomaszów 19.3%), meadow (Piotrków 16.9%, Tomaszów 16.3%) and aquatic species (Piotrków 11.4%, To-maszów 10.G%). Among anthropophytes (Piotrków 39.5%, Tomaszów 37.7%) most frequent are archeophytes (Piotrków 18.5%, Tomaszów 17.1%) — tab. 2. Most of anthropophytes occurring on areas of the investigated towns origin from South-Europe-Western-Asiatic regions (Piotrków 30.6%, Tomaszów 31.2%) and South-European regions (Piotrków 27.1%, Tomaszów 27.7%). Less abundant are species originating from America (Piotrków 15.6%, Tomaszów 16.4%) and from other parts of Asia (Piotrków 15.6%, Tomaszów 14.3%) — tab. 3. As far as stand preference is concerned, in both town dominate species occurring on various types of stands (Piotrków 381, Tomaszów 475) — tab. 5. Numerical values of indexes of synathropization (159), modernization (0.51) and lability (72) for Tomaszów Mazowiecki are higher in comparison with those for Piotrków Trybunalski (S = 156, M = 0.48, I = 69) and point to a higher level of technological development of the former town (tab. 4).
PL
Artykuł zawiera wyniki badań, przeprowadzonych w latach 1975—1979, nad florą synantropijną Piotrkowa Trybunalskiego (P) i Tomaszowa Mazowieckiego (T). Florę synantropijną tych miast cechuje duża różnorodność i bogactwo, co wiąże się z zróżnicowaniem siedlisk. Na terenie obu miast stwierdzono 644 gatunki, w tym 556 (86%) gatunków wspólnych. Flora synantropijna Piotrkowa Trybunalskiego liczy 578 gatunków, a Tomaszowa Mazowieckiego — 613 gatunków. Wśród roślin naczyniowych obu miast przeważają apofity (P — 60,5%, T — 62,3%).
EN
The floristic-phytosodological and ecological differentiation of agrophytocoenoses of the Bełchatów Mining Energetic District were presented. The expected directions of changes of field phytocoenoses, of this region wire pointed out and factors responsible for this process were determined. It was assumed that these processes are going to cause impoverishment of segetal plants and contribute to origination of simpler systems, less stable and less resistant to anthropopression.
15
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Flora segetalna Nieborowa

64%
EN
The work presents a list of segetal flora taxa of Nieborów as well as their general characterization. The segetal flora of the researched area consists of 202 taxa. It also shows a great participation of therophytes (126 taxa) and apophytes (121 taxa). 29 taxa have been numbered among taxa in direct danger of extinction.
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