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A review on the effects of fumes from tricycles (keke) on health and environment, Nigeria

100%
Ulakpa R. O. E., Ulakpa W. C.
World News of Natural Sciences
|
2022
|
vol. 40
49-64
EN
A literature analysis was conducted to assess the effects of tricycles and health information in the Nigerian environment, with the goal of studying their impact on human health and the environment. According to the reviewed literature, road users are constantly exposed to tricycle emissions and other environmental pollutants, which may be hazardous to health and cause climate change due to air pollution consequences, as described by a few academics. CO, N2O, SO2, CH4, H2S, PM, S2O, Pb, and VOCs were found to be above NAAQS and FMEnv, indicating that the ambient air around Nigerian towns and cities was polluted. The accumulation of pollutants in the air, on people (road users), and in the immediate environment creates major health and environmental dangers. If not carefully monitored, the occurrence of these contaminants in humans and the environment may tend to increase in the coming years, having a harmful influence on man and the ecosystem as a whole. As severe as it gets human and climatic changes have unavoidable health consequences. As a result, regular re-evaluation of tricycle emissions and their influence on human health and the environment is essential.
2
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Quantitative analysis of physical and chemical attribute of soil around power-line dumpsite at Boji-Boji Owa, Delta State, Nigeria

81%
Ulakpa R. O. E., Ulakpa W. C., Eyankware M. O.
World News of Natural Sciences
|
2021
|
vol. 35
118-134
EN
The study ascertains some physiochemical properties of soils around Power-line dumpsite at Boji-Boji Owa, Delta State, Nigeria. In order to evaluate the effects of municipal solid waste dumpsites on soils, soil samples were collected with the aid of a graduated soil auger at depths of 0 – 10 cm, 15 – 25 cm and 25 – 40 cm, representing top to sub and bottom soil sand also 500 m away from dumpsites which serves as control site (R). Samples were taken for laboratory analyses to determine the level of physiochemical properties such as: pH, grain size distribution, Electrical Conductivity (Ec), Organic Carbon (OC), Organic Matter (OM), Available Phosphorous (Av. P), Overall Nitrogen (ON), Basic Cations and Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) in soils. Results obtained from the study, revealed that values between waste dumpsite and control site were significantly different. Findings showed that the pH value in sampled soils from studied dumpsites ranged from 6.22±0.06 and 7.97±0.04 while the mean pH value for controlled site was 39.8±0.08. The increase in the pH value of the sampled soil indicated an increase in CEC mean value of soil which ranged from 4.73±0.30 and 10.28±0.46 mEq/100 g while a low pH indicated low CEC mean value of 1.50±0.22 mEq/100 g. This is because there exists a positively significant relationship between pH, OC, OM, Av.P, ON, basic cations and CEC. As Ec varied between 692±4.50 to 918±4.03 μScm-1, OC varied between 0.05±0.00 to 0.64±0.03%, OM varied between 0.10±0.06 to 0.57±0.07%, Av.P varied between 8.98±0.06 to 25.36±0.22 mg/kg and ON varied between 0.44±0.01 to 0.93±0.03% across all studied dumpsites.
3
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Fast Pyrolysis of Lignin Extracted by Different Lignocellulosic Biomass after the Pretreatment Process

81%
Ulakpa W. C., Soomro S., Siddique M., Gbuvoro A.
World News of Natural Sciences
|
2023
|
vol. 47
1-13
EN
The manufacturing of aromatic chemicals and fuels through the rapid pyrolysis of lignin looks promising. Product selectivity and liquid yield are determined by the lignin structure and pyrolysis conditions. Lignocellulosic biomass is a carbon-containing renewable and long-lasting energy source that can be found naturally. Pyrolysis has received a lot of attention for its efficient thermal decomposition of lignocellulose biomass—which includes components of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin—into solid, liquid, and gas products. The formation of char is one way to describe the conversion mechanism of pyrolysis. A pre-treatment process was used to extract lignin, and the maximum yield was achieved by varying the time and temperature in a material-to-material ratio of 1:20. Without the use of any inert gas for fluidization, the first set of experiments was carried out at temperatures ranging from 400 to 650 °C. In continuous fast pyrolysis, the heating rate has an excessive rank in converting biomass into liquid, gas, and char yield when the pyrolysis temperature is increased from 600 to 700 and then 800 °C. This research provides a deeper comprehension of the interactions that take place between various components during the rapid pyrolysis of biomass. With an optimal yield of 11.96 percent being NTB, walnut shell (WNS), almond shell (AS), and babool tree bark (BTB) were produced at 600 °C with yields of 11.21, 11.73, 11.88, and 11.96%, respectively. With an optimal yield of 11.17 percent being BTB, walnut shell (WNS), almond shell (AS), and neem tree bark (NTB) were produced at 700 °C at yields of 10.89, 11.23, 11.17, and 10.88%, respectively. For walnut shell (WNS), almond shell (AS), babool tree bark (BTB), and neem tree bark (NTB), respectively, an optimal yield of 11.55 percent was obtained at 800 °C for NTB. Neem tree bark (NTB) produced the highest yield of 11.96 percent when compared to the biomass when heated to 600 °C.
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