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Reduced risk of colorectal cancer and regular consumption of apples: Hospital based case-control study in Poland

100%
Jedrychowski W., Maugeri U., Pac A., Sochacka-Tatara E., Galas A.
Open Medicine
|
2009
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vol. 4
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issue 3
320-326
EN
Experimental studies in animals and epidemiological evidence supporting the health benefits from apples encouraged the authors to assess the potential protective impact of apples on the risk of colorectal cancer in the course of the hospital based case-control study. A total of 186 incident cases of colorectal cancer - for which the information on histology, anatomic location, and stage of cancer were available - have been enrolled to the study. The comparison group included 211 controls chosen from the patients of the same hospital with no history of cancer and admitted for treatment of non-neoplastic conditions. Interviews of both cases and controls were conducted in hospital settings by trained interviewers. The results showed that the risk of colorectal cancer inversely correlated with daily number of apple servings, but the significant reduction of OR estimates were observed for an intake of one or more apple servings daily (OR = 0.37, 95%CI: 0.15 − 0.91). The risk of colorectal cancer was estimated from the multivariate logistic model including a set of potential confounding variables, such as, demographic characteristics of subjects (age, gender, place of residency, marital status and occupational activity), total energy intake (in tertiles) and intake of vegetables (number of servings per day). No fruits except for apples were significantly associated with the reduced risk of colorectal cancer. The reduction of colorectal risk associated with apple consumption may result from their rich content of flavonoid and other polyphenols, which can inhibit cancer onset and cell proliferation.
2
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Wheezing and lung function measured in subjects exposed to various levels of fine particles and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

73%
Jedrychowski W., Perera F., Whyatt R., Mroz E., Flak E., Jacek R., Penar A., Spengler J., Camman D.
Open Medicine
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2007
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vol. 2
|
issue 1
66-78
EN
The main purpose of the study was to assess the occurrence of wheezing and lung function in non-smoking women exposed to various levels of fine particulate matter(FP) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Out of the total study group, 152 women were included in the lower exposed group (PM2.5 ≤34.3μg/m3 or PAHs ≤ 22.9ng/ m3) and 96 persons in higher concentrations of both air pollutants (PM2.5>34.3μg/m3 and PAHs > 22.9ng/ m3). Except for FVC and FEV1, all lung forced ventilatory flows (PEFR, FEF25% FEF50%, FEF75%, FEF25−75%) were significantly lower in the higher exposed group. The findings suggest bronchoconstriction within the respiratory tract, which may be related to the exposure under study. This was consistent with a higher prevalence of wheezing in more exposed subjects. It was shown that higher levels of both pollutants increased the risk of wheezing by factor 5.6 (95% CI: 1.77–17.8) after accounting for potential confounders such as allergic diseases and exposure to ETS. This study suggests that pollutants in question may have the capacity to promote broncho-constriction and asthmatic symptoms, possibly by bronchial inflammation resulting from the exposure.
3
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Validity of the interview on pets kept at home for predicting the actual domestic expsoure to their specific allergens. Krakow inner city area study

73%
Jedrychowski W., Perera F., Maugeri U., Zembala M., Hajto B., Flak E., Mroz E., Sowa A.
Open Medicine
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2008
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vol. 3
|
issue 2
149-156
EN
The aim of the study was to describe the exposure to dog (Can f 1) and cat (Fel d 1) allergens within homes of very young children living with and without pets, and to assess the validity of the interview on pets for predicting the actual exposure to pet allergens in house dust. House dust samples were collected in 275 dwellings from the mattresses, children’s bedroom and kitchen floors. In the laboratory, dust samples were analyzed for Can f 1 and Fel d 1 using monoclonal antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The majority of households (79.3%) had neither a dog nor a cat living in the home over the past 6 months preceding the survey. Dog allergen above 2 μg/g dust were found in 22.5% of homes and 14.2% of homes contained dog allergen above 10 μg/g of house dust. In the total study sample, cat allergen above 1 μg/g of dust were found in 12.7% of homes, and 3.3% of homes contained Fel d 1 levels greater than 8 μg/g of dust. The majority of children (75.0%) with reported ownership of dogs were exposed to Can f 1 levels above 2 μg/g of house dust, and 73.1% of children with cats at home were exposed to Fel d 1 concentrations above 1 μg/g house dust. The results of the study showed that post-test probability of the true exposure to Can f 1 above 2 μg/g dust in houses with positive interview on indoor dogs was 75.0% (95%CI: 61.7–84.8%). On the other hand, the prediction of exposure estimated from the interview data on indoor dogs produced 12.6% of false negatives (95% CI: 9.9–15.8%). Similarly, the post-test probability of the true exposure to Fel d 1 above 1 μg/g dust in houses with positive interview on indoor cats was 73.1% (95%CI: 55.1–85.7%). On the other hand, the interview data produced 6.4% false negatives (95% CI: 4.6–9.0%). In conclusion, the study demonstrated that homes in Poland with pet ownership are important reservoir of Can f 1 and Fel d 1 allergens with levels that might induce allergic symptoms. Even in homes of children without a dog or cat indoors, there was a higher prevalence of pet allergens at the levels above allergic sensitisation thresholds. This may have an important implication for epidemiologic studies on pet related allergy and prevention practice.
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