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EN
GIST is the most common mesenchymal tumour of gastrointestinal tract arising from mutation of KIT or PDGFRA gene. Surgery is the primary method of treatment, however a targeted therapy with imatinib is necessary due to recurrence. The aim of the study was to evaluate efficacy of the targeted chemotherapy in advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumours with non-exon 11 KIT mutations. Material and methods. Data from 279 patients with advanced GIST treated with imatinib between 2001 and 2011 were analysed in the study. Exon 11 KIT mutation was found in 192 patients (68.7%), non-exon 11 KIT mutation was found in 87 patients (31.3%): this group included lack of mutation - wild-type, exon 9 KIT mutations, exon 18 PDGFRA D842V mutations, non-D842V PDGFRA mutations as well as non-exon 9 and 11 KIT mutations. Analysis of progression-free survival and overall survival were done for the entire group of patients and for patients with particular mutations, and then effects on progression-free survival and overall survival of such factors as sex, age, imatinib dose were evaluated. Results. Occurrence of non-exon 11 KIT mutation increases the risk of disease progression by 20% in comparison to the presence of exon 11 KIT mutation, however it does not increase the risk of patient’s death. Percentage of 5-year progression-free survivals is the greatest in the case of PDGFRA mutation other than D842V mutation. Percentage of 5-year survivals in case of the presence of D842V PDGFRA mutation is more than twice worse than in the case of the other mutations. Lesion location in the gastrointestinal tract affected the risk of death, with the greatest percentage of 5-year survival for lesions located in the stomach. Such factors as sex, age at diagnosis (<50, ≥50 years) and imatinib dose did not affect the risk of disease progression and the risk of patient’s death. Conclusions. The ratio of overall survival of patients with advanced GIST with a mutation other than exon 11 KIT mutation treated with imatinib is similar to the ratio of overall survival of patients with GIST with exon 11 KIT mutation. An exception is the group of patients with GIST in whom the presence of D842V PDGFRA mutation was found. In general, longer survival has been found in patients with GIST located in the stomach in comparison to the small intestine or other less frequent locations. Percentage of 5-year progression-free survivals is the greatest in the case of PDGFRA mutation other than D842V mutation.
EN
Serine proteases HtrA1 and HtrA2 are involved in cellular stress response and development of several diseases, including cancer. Our aim was to examine the involvement of the HtrA proteins in acute oxidative stress response induced in hamster kidney by estrogen treatment, and in nephrocarcinogenesis caused by prolonged estrogenization of male Syrian hamster. We used semi-quantitative RT-PCR to estimate the HtrA1 and HtrA2 mRNA levels in kidney tissues, and Western blotting to monitor the amount of the HtrA proteins. Within the first five hours following estrogen administration both HtrA1 mRNA and the protein levels were increased significantly. No changes in the expression of HtrA2 were observed. This indicates that HtrA1 may be involved in the response against oxidative stress induced by estrogen treatment in hamster kidney. During prolonged estrogenization, a significant reduction of the HtrA1 mRNA and protein levels was observed after 6 months of estradiol treatment, while the expression of HtrA2 was significantly elevated starting from the third month. This suggests an involvement of the HtrA proteins in estrogen-induced nephrocarcinogenesis in hamster. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization we localized the HtrA1 gene at the qb3-4 region of Syrian hamster chromosome 2, the region known to undergo a nonrandom deletion upon prolonged estrogenization. It is possible that the reduced level of HtrA1 expression is due to this chromosomal aberration. A full-length cDNA sequence of the hamster HtrA1 gene was obtained. It codes for a 50 kDa protein which has 98 and 96% identity with mouse and human counterparts, respectively.
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