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1

On quality assurance procedures in monitoring analyses of nutrients

100%
Lysiak-Pastuszak E.
Oceanological Studies
|
1996
|
vol. 25
|
issue 3
3-13
EN
Environmental Committee of the Helsinki Commission recommended that all laboratories reporting data to the Baltic Monitoring Programme should establish the inhouse quality assurance systems to ensure the acquisition of reliable and relevant data. The paper presents some aspects of quality assurance system as operated in the Marine Laboratory of the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. An attempt to produce laboratory reference material of natural seawater sample was made and here the results of analyses are presented. Routine control charts (x-charts) are discussed with specjal reference to scientific crew stability and performance during monitoring cruises. Participation in intercalibration exercises is mandatory for HELCOM laboratories. The results of the recent intercomparison exercise of nutrient analyses within QUASIMEME programme are presented in this paper, too.
2

Background/reference values and environmental quality criteria as applied to the Southern Baltic

63%
Lysiak-Pastuszak E., Drgas N.
Oceanological Studies
|
2002
|
vol. 31
|
issue 1-2
99-106
EN
In view of the fact that the Water Framework Directive of the European Community has come into force, efforts have been undertaken within HELCOM to elaborate environmental quality criteria based on background/reference values. The purpose of the environmental quality criteria is to enable local and regional authorities and others to make accurate assessments of the environmental quality on the basis of the available data on the state of the environment and thus to obtain a better basis for environmental planning and management. The environmental quality of the marine environment is determined in terms of threats to the environment: eutrophication, toxic pollutants - organic compounds, heavy metals and physical disturbance. The parameters used to assess the eutrophication are nutrients and Secchi depth. Metals and toxic organic pollutants are assessed in sediment and organisms. A clear definition of the term ?background concentrations? is being formulated. In this communique, a short review of the Polish historical data, which may serve as background values for nutrients, is presented together with a brief description of the current environmental disturbances.
3

Oxygen and nutrients in the southern Baltic Sea

63%
Trzosinska A., Lysiak-Pastuszak E.
|
|
issue 1-2
41-76
EN
Temporal variations (1979-1993) in oxygen and nutrient distribution were inveastigated in the Polish sector of the Baltic Sea with reference to hydrological and biological factors.The most strinking differnce in oxygen condiotions in 1989-1993, as compared with the previous decade consist in much earlier and greater supersaturation of the euphotic zone and a significant reduction of oxygen deficiency in the deep water layers.The overall negative trens in oxygen concentrations observed at the bottom of the Gdansk Deep since the 1960s has been reversed.No hydrogen sulphide was found there from spring 1990 until late 1994.In 1989-1993 the winter accumulation peaks of all nutrients shifted from MaArch to February.InN the coastal areas both phosphate and silicate winterpools were reduced to their lowest levels already in spring; in the off-shore waters their respective minimal concentrations were reached in summer and autumn.Nitrates were used by May/June in all areas, except for the Vistula estuarya where their stock was sustained throughout the whole year.Distinct changes in the winter accumulation of nutrients in the surface water were found.In the Gdansk Deep the strong negative trend in silicates ceased, probably due to the declining demand for this nutrient.Rapid accumulation of nitrates was no longer in evidence, but the increasing N/P ratio could be traced in the Gulf of Gdansk as far as the Gdansk Deep.Moreover the coincidence of an effective phosphate sink and low denitrification activity has prompted a significant increase in the N/P ratio in the deep waters of the Gdansk Basin.The input of nutrients from rivers, with a considerablre surplus of nitrogen over phosphorus, is the most obvious reason for the advanced eutrophication in the Polish marine sea.Regional differences in the trophic levels are discussed on the basis of the N/P ratio in the water and the nitrogen and phosphorus uptake ratio.
4

Eutrophication in the southern Baltic Sea between 1989-1998

45%
Lysiak-Pastuszak E., Niemkiewicz N. E., Niemkiewicz E., Dragas D. N., Dragas N.
Oceanological Studies
|
2000
|
vol. 29
|
issue 4
27-41
EN
In the Baltic Sea the process of eutrophication - increasing productivity - has became accelerated in the recent century and presently it stands the major ecological problem of this sea. One of the characteristic symptoms of eutrophication is an increase of nutrient reserves in the euphotic layer during winter accumulation, providing favourable feeding conditions for the intensive development of spring phytoplankton population, the main source of organic material in the marine ecosystem. In this study an attempt was undertaken to correlate the variability of biological parameters (phyto-plankton biomass and chlorophyll concentration) determined between 1989-1998 with chemical (nutrient concentrations in winter, oxygen saturation) and physical ones (water transparency). The parameters under scrutiny are measured regularly in water of the Bornholm Deep, SE Gotland Deep and Gdansk Deep within the framework of the Baltic Sea monitoring programme. The mean annual biomass of phytoplankton and mean annual chlorophyll content in the surface (0-10 m) layer were related to winter concentrations of phosphate, nitrate and silicate. Water saturation with oxygen during vegetation season was analysed in relation to biological parameters and the same analysis was carried out for water transparency. Statistically significant correlations between the analysed determinands were found in water of the Gdansk Deep and SE Gotland Basin but not for the Bornholm Deep.
5

Elements of quality assurance system in nutrient and dissolved oxygen analyses

39%
Danowska B., Dragas D. N., Dragas N., Lysiak-Pastuszak L.-P. E., Lysiak-Pastuszak E., Piechowska P. B., Piechowska B.
Oceanological Studies
|
2000
|
vol. 29
|
issue 4
15-25
EN
In 1994, the Environmental Committee of the Helsinki Commission recommended that all laboratories providing data within the monitoring programmes of the Baltic Sea (HELCOM BMP) and HELCOM CMP (HELCOM COMBINE since 1996) should implement quality assurance system in monitoring activities. Quality assurance system includes validation of applied analytical methods, that is evaluation of measurement errors (measurement uncertainty) under current laboratory conditions. Some elements of quality assurance system implemented at the Marine Chemistry Laboratory of the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management in Gdynia are presented regarding method validation, i.e. experimental determination of precision, bias and detection limit of analytical methods in use and experimental determination of measurement uncertainty related to sampling for nutrient analyses. Results of internal quality control are also presented as well as results of international analytical proficiency tests in which the laboratory participates as a form of external quality control.
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