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Kinematics and Kinetics of Taekwon-do Side Kick

100%
Wąsik J.
Journal of Human Kinetics
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2011
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vol. 30
13-20
EN
The aim of the paper is to present an analysis of the influence of selected kinematic factors on the side kick technique. This issue is especially important in the traditional version of taekwon-do, in which a single strike may reveal the winner. Six taekwon-do (International Taekwon-do Federation) athletes were asked to participate in this case study. Generally accepted criteria of sports technique biomechanical analysis were adhered to. The athletes executed a side kick three times (in Taekwon-do terminology referred to as yop chagi) in a way which they use the kick in board breaking. The obtained data were used to determine the mean velocity changes in the function of relative extension length of the kicking leg. The maximum knee and foot velocities in the Cartesian coordinate system were determined. The leg lifting time and the duration of kick execution as well as the maximum force which the standing foot exerted on the ground were also determined. On the basis of the obtained values, mean values and standard deviations were calculated. The correlation dependence (r=0.72) shows that greater knee velocity affects the velocity which the foot develops as well as the fact that the total time of kick execution depends on the velocity which the knee (r = -0.59) and the foot (r = -0.86) develop in the leg lifting phase. The average maximum speed was obtained at the length of the leg equal to 82% of the maximum length of the fully extended leg. This length can be considered the optimum value for achieving the maximum dynamics of the kick.
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Kinetics of the knife-hand strike used in power breaking in ITF Taekwon-do

100%
Wąsik J.
Physical Activity Review
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2015
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vol. 3
37-43
EN
Description and analysis of a sports technique in terms of its compliance with the principles of biomechanics and with regard to the efficiency of a given technique form the basis for the technical aspect of a training process, which is supposed to result in enhancement of athletes’ sports performance level. The study was based on 6 ITF Taekwon-do (International Taekwon-do Federation) athletes (age 16.5±0.7 years; weight 64.1±7.0 kg; height 176.5±4.6 cm). The study relied on an Italian system called Smart-D, manufactured by BTS S.p.A., used for complex movement analyses. The system comprised six cameras reflecting infrared rays, which in real time located the markers fixed to the athlete’s body. In the present study the maximum velocity of the sonkal yop tearigi strike reached 13.00 ± 2.35 m/s. The velocity of the traditional fist strike seems to be lower. In this study the average maximum velocity was reached at the length of the arm being equal 92 % of the maximum length value. This length can be taken as the optimum value in this particular technique in order to achieve the maximum dynamics of the strike.
3
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Sport sparring concept in taekwon-do - The Christmas tree diagram

64%
Wąsik J., Pieter W.
Physical Activity Review
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2013
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vol. 1
32-37
EN
Combat is a complicated and complex phenomenon. In this process we take actions of different degree of effectiveness. Assessment of these behaviours and understanding the underlying mechanisms are the basis for a sport program created to increase the fighter’s competitive level. Competent trainers know that there are five elements that influence a result of a sport fight: being familiar with the rules of the sport fight, strategy, stance, dodging and blocking and applying techniques while you are in motion. Many inquisitive trainers wonder: why a competitor with a great technique, could not apply it during a tournament? Why a competitor who usually does excellent during exercises cannot repeat the same things during the competition? Why the competitor’s results change (during one tournament victories are achieved and medals are granted while on other occasions he or she loses even to a weaker opponent) ? Supreme trainer is usually a good teacher and observer. Coach pays attention to learners’ mistakes, and tries to correct them. The concept of free sparing enables to break down the process of scoring points. When analyzing a fight it helps to notice, which of the preparation components are insufficient and what else needs to be improved. This is a great tool for a competent trainer, which helps to understand the real, often hidden cause of failure. Appropriate preparation for the fight has many interrelated aspects. But understanding the core of the problem is a first step to find a recipe for victory. We need to remember that record achievements and spectacular victories result from hard and wise work of the trainer and the competitor.
4
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3rd World Congress of Martial Arts and Sports

64%
Góra T., Wąsik J.
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vol. 2
77-78
5
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Impact of target selection on front kick kinematics in taekwondo – pilot study

64%
Wąsik J., Góra T.
Physical Activity Review
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2016
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vol. 4
57-61
EN
Velocity and accuracy of strike are important factors that help in achieving victory. The question is if the target selection can have an impact on the strike kinematics. The topic is especially important in the case of the traditional taekwon-do, in which a single kick might decide who the winner is. The aim of the paper is knowledge about the influence of the target on the kinematic factors of the front kick technique. In this study, a Polish Taekwon-do Championship runner-up was examined. The taekwon-do athlete (age: 28 years; body mass: 68 kg; height: 172 cm) is holding a 2nd degree, Motion analysis and data processing was prepared in HML (Human Motion Lab) using 10 NIR Vicon MX-T40 cameras with the acquisition speed of 100 to 2000 frames per second at full frame resolution of 4 megapixels. During the research various measurements were collected to perform dimensional analysis of foot and knee movement, describing their velocity changes as a function of time. The following strike speeds were recorded. No physical target: dominant leg foot 12.25 ± 0.18 m/s, non-dominant leg foot 13,92 ± 0,87 m/s. Small ball target/Punching ball: dominant leg foot 10,27 ± 0,29 m/s, non-dominant leg foot 10,03 ± 0,15 m/s. Kicking Shield/Shield: dominant leg foot 11,17 ± 0,34 m/s, non-dominant leg foot 10,06 ± 0,46 m/s. The quickest strike was registered when the athlete had no physical target in front of him. No focus on the target caused the fastest results. The shield target provoked a stronger and slower strike, as the speed has been slightly slower than in the non-target situation. The velocity of the foot was reduced the most when the most precision was needed. Aiming into a little ball caused the biggest speed to decrease the most. The main conclusion is that the more precision is needed, the more speed decrease will be observed
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Health in the context of martial arts practice

64%
Wąsik J., Wójcik A.
Physical Activity Review
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2017
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vol. 5
91-94
EN
One of the manifestations of physical activity are martial arts. Modern research also concerns the problem of treating martial arts not only as a means of self defence, sport or how one spends their free time, but also as a therapy. Therapy throu gh traditional martial arts can help treat many medical disorders. It was acclaimed that participation in the traditional martial arts promotes mental health. It was noted that the sense of self - worth and self - esteem of competence is directly related to th e time spent doing training. Current studies show that the traditional martial arts are largely effective, complementary strategy of medical care and rehabilitation of chronic diseases. By watching yet another MMA event on the TV, seeing players’ faces bei ng hit and blood flowing on their bodies, it is worth to be aware that it’s just a spectacular event. The everyday life of people concerned with martial arts is different. Often times they undertake these exercises to improve their physical fitness and the quality of life. It is followed by taking responsibility for their health and not giving it exclusively to the doctor. This results in an active and rational fight agains any disease.
7
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Types of convictions concerning coping with pain of the participants of territory defence activities

51%
Ortenburger D., Wąsik J., Tsos A.
Physical Activity Review
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2020
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vol. 2
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issue 8
97-103
EN
Introduction: The complexity of physiological, emotional and behavioural reactions is connected with experiencing pain. A few components appear here: sensory, affective, motivational and cognitive. Relatively strongly fixed beliefs, concerning the possibilities of coping with this feeling, make an important cognitive effect in coping with pain. Knowledge about beliefs about controlling pain influence understanding of pain mechanisms. Material and methods: The research covered 48 hospitalised participants of territorial defence (33.94±9.54 years old; range: 21-56 years old), provided treatment in hospitals in Luck and in the region (Ukraine) with the use of standardised questionnaires within psychology of health and documents' analysis. The patients differed with respect to diagnosis concerning the presence of neuropathic pain: confirmed neuropathic pain and not fully confirmed neuropathic pain, and the lack of pain of a neuropathic character. Results: In the case of pain of a probable, but not fully confirmed neuropathic pain, the value of conviction relying on one's own internal abilities to coping with pain amounted to 20.73 ± 2.35. The values of the indicators of the two remaining types of convictions analysed in the research are lower. The obtained results indicate that neuropathic pain differentiated beliefs referring to the possibility of coping with pain on one's own (p<0.001). Conclusions: The obtained results indicate that neuropathic pain differentiated beliefs referring to the possibility of copying with pain on one's own. No significant correlations have been noticed between the level of externalised and extinguished anger and certain types of beliefs concerning coping with pain.
8
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The influence of effective distance on the impact of a punch – Preliminary Analysis

51%
Wąsik J., Ortenburger D., Góra T., Mosler D.
Physical Activity Review
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2018
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vol. 6
81-86
EN
Introduction: Distance between competitors in fighting sports and their target have an influence on kinematics of motion and as an consequence, its effectiveness. Therefore, the aim of this study is to extent the knowledge about influence of effective distance affects velocity of an object after hit. Material and Methods: Analysis were performed based on captured data of a male competitor with black belt in taekwondo (age: 20 yrs., body mass: 65kg, height: 171 cm). During data capturing, he performed sport punch strike 3 times with his left upper limb, and 3 times with the right one. The target was a ping pong ball. Data capturing was performed in HML (Human Motion Lab). Results: Velocities of sport punch strike were in range from 6.20 -8.01 m/s. Significant increase in passed momentum to the object were in -between 1.12 -1.73 % of effective distance. However, when effective distance were in -between 3.70 -3.95%, there were significant decrease (nearly half) in velocity of hit object. Conclusions: Our findings allows to formulate assumptions for further analysis, which states, tha t when maximum velocity of a punch occurs closer to the moment of hitting a target ( ∆ d), the higher it will be in a moment of that hit (r=0.95; p<0.01). Therefore, it allows to assume, that the lower will be a value of ∆ d, the higher will be destructive f orce for target ( ∆ E)
9
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Constructive and destructive methods of copying with anger at students - measurement trial in an international perspective

33%
Lisiecka K., Cieślik M., Kolisetska A., Wyszomierska J. K., Stachowicz M., Ortenburger D., Bakota D., Wąsik J.
Physical Activity Review
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2016
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vol. 4
200-203
EN
The objective of the presented paper was to compare the selected variables of ways to deal with anger students at two countries (Poland and Sweden). Throughout history, traditionally psychotherapists have conceptualized two primary ways to deal with anger - anger turned inward or anger turned outward. Anger can be the most difficult emotion and reaction to modify. The focus of the deliberations has been the area of selected constructive and destructive methods of copying with anger at students. The presen ted research was aiming at finding an answer to the question: how students in Poland and students in Sweden deal with anger? The research sample group consisted of the students in Poland (n=37) and students in Sweden (n=30). Questionnaires of an accepted psychometric value were applied in the research (Anger Scale, Emotional Control Scale ). Data concerning expression of experienced anger were obtained. The information refers to general situations and reactions that are usually revealed, typical for a par ticular student. T he obtained data are of a self - descriptive character. The current study present that there are no significant differences between anger turned inward (p=0. 293). In the light of the obtained data, the factor referred to as anger turned in ward not differentiates the examined groups. The findings showing the higher level of anger turned outward at the students in Poland, but its not enough data to draw conclusions.
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