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Biological Medicinal Therapy in terms of Respecting Patients’ Rights – Assessment of the Present Legal Status in Poland

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Zimmermann A. E., Susłowska N.
Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research
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2020
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vol. 77
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issue 2
373-379
EN
Introduction: Patients’ rights must be respected at every stage of therapy, including during biological drug therapy. For clinicians, it is key to be involved in the decision-making process with regard to the choices of medication and possible drug substitution. In Poland, the law encourages automatic drug substitution and does not recognise disparities in biological drugs. Aim: The main aim of the paper is to describe the present legal situation depicting the scope of autonomy of a hospitalised patient. Methods: An analysis was conducted of the Polish regulations, the doctrine and administrative decisions and European Medicines Agency guidance documents. Results: In Poland, patients who require therapy with advanced technologies such as biopharmaceuticals, may obtain access to a medicine within a special drug reimbursement programme in a hospital. Hospitals are supplied with the drugs necessary for drug therapy programmes via public procurement. This means that hospital procurement procedures decide which drug a patient will receive. It is not the decision of the health care provider. In view of this, the Polish Patient Ombudsman, in a decision confirmed by the Provincial Administrative Courts, pointed out that the selection of a drug for therapy should depend on current medical knowledge rather than on the result of a tender carried out by a hospital. Conclusions: Polish solutions based on the lack of an obligatory requirement to consult a substitution with a treating physician deviate from the standard practices followed in numerous EU countries and the US.
2
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Prescription errors and medicined supply problems in community pharmacy practice - preliminary study

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Susłowska N., Zimmermann A. E., Balwicki Ł.
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EN
Polish legislation has indicated e-prescription as the preferential way of prescribing drugs, the traditional paper form of prescription is still more common. The Polish Pharmaceutical Law Act defines the information that must be included in a prescription. Pharmacists have noted that a large number of paper prescriptions do not contain all the required information. These shortcomings can be classified as prescription errors. According to international literature, prescription errors can be divided into errors of omission and errors of commission, which require the absolute intervention of a pharmacist. The first error type is the situation in which the document lacks important, required information or it is illegible or unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the type and frequency of problems related to the dispensing of paper-based prescriptions. The study included a detailed analysis of formal prescription deficiencies with respect to the place where the prescription was prescribed and the qualifications of the prescriber. 2044 prescriptions were collected in regard to problems and formal errors. This study provided data on the type and frequency of problems related to the dispensing of paper prescriptions. An higher percentage of not dispensed prescriptions was noted in pharmacies where the majority of prescriptions came from hospital emergency departments. The most common problems were related to the lack of a drug in the pharmacy stock and the legibility of the prescription. It was also noted that the higher the percentage of prescriptions issued by dentists, the greater the number of problem situations.
3
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EVALUATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTIVE SERVICES IN POLAND

81%
Zimmermann A., Susłowska N., Gaworska-Krzemińska A.
Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research
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2018
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vol. 75
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issue 6
1431-1438
EN
Pharmacies are acknowledged to have a key role in the provision of health services, including emergency contraceptive services and under the right circumstances could meet the growing expectations for reproductive health education and consultations. Pharmaceutical emergency contraceptive service provided by pharmacists include ensuring the availability of required medicines, correct dispensing, providing comprehensive information, all of which requires not only consultations that are health-oriented and educational, but also providing the patient with an adequately private situation to talk with the pharmacist. Objectives: The aim of the paper is to evaluate pharmaceutical emergency contraceptive services provided in polish pharmacies. Material and methods: The observational study included 60 community pharmacies of different profiles located in Gdansk (Poland). Our method was to use “standardized (simulated) patients”. Results: The study revealed the low availability of emergency contraception in Gdańsk pharmacies. Pharmacy employees provided drug-related information in 51.6% of study’s visits. None of the pharmacies provided patients with educational information on reproductive health. Regarding the respecting of patients’ rights privacy and intimacy, overall, the pharmacies scored 4.41 on a five-point scale. Conclusions: Our study sought to identify both the developed and underdeveloped aspects of a comprehensive emergency contraceptive service. Pharmacy employees in the study provided patients with a narrow range of information on hormonal medications and they failed to include sexual health education in their work. The patient’s right to expect that intimacy and privacy will be respected during their consultation was met to a satisfactory degree.
4
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Status prawny medycznej marihuany – badanie wiedzy i opinii studentów farmacji

81%
Gazdowicz M., Susłowska N., Piątkowska K., Zimmermann A. E.
Farmacja Polska
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2020
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vol. 76
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issue 5
250-257
EN
Background: Medical marijuana was legalized in Poland in 2017. Cannabinoids contained in marijuana can play a big role in the treatment of pain. The right to pain treatment is especially needed for palliative patients, as it ensures them dying in dignity and peace. With the growing occurrence of medical marijuana in the treatment of patients, future pharmacists should acquire the necessary knowledge on this topic during their studies. Pharmacists have a legal obligation to provide information on prescription medicinal products containing cannabis, including storage and use of the medicinal product dispensed, as well as precautions related to the medicinal product dispensed. Aim of the study: The study looked for answers to questions about the level of pharmacy students’ knowledge concerning medical marijuana and relationship between the year of study and level of knowledge. On the basis of a medical prescription, pharmacists make prescription drugs containing medicinal hemp in pharmacies. Materials and methods: The survey study was conducted from February 25 to April 19. The studied group consisted of 132 pharmacy students from all Pharmaceutical Departments in Poland. The form contained 16 questions. Most of these questions were disjunctive and in several of them the Likert scale was used again. Results: The results of the study indicate that pharmacy students rate their knowledge of medical marijuana very low. Students do not know the indications for medical cannabis use or its side effects. The study sought to find out if there was a need for additional education for students about medical marijuana. No correlation was found between the year of study and the knowledge of pharmacy students. Conslusions: Education about endocannabinoid system in the course of pharmacy studies is negligible, therefore there is an increased need to include this topic in the pharmaceutical study program. Regardless of the year of study, the level of pharmacy students' knowledge about indications, side effects or how to take medical marijuana is low and they need additional education in this field
PL
Przedmiot badań: Medyczna marihuana zyskuje obecnie popularność w terapii pacjentów cierpiących na przewlekły ból. Produkty lecznicze zawierające w swoim składzie kannabinoidy są coraz częściej obecne na aptecznych półkach, dlatego przyszli farmaceuci powinni zdobywać niezbędną wiedzę o medycznej marihuanie podczas studiów. Cel badań: Celem niniejszej pracy było zbadanie wiedzy i opinii studentów farmacji w Polsce na temat medycznej marihuany. W badaniu szukano związku między rokiem studiów a poziomem wiedzy studentów. Badanie miało również na celu sprawdzenie, czy istnieje potrzeba dodatkowej edukacji na temat marihuany medycznej na studiach farmaceutycznych. Materiał i metody: Przeprowadzono autorską ankietę, w grupie 132 studentów farmacji ze wszystkich wydziałów farmaceutycznych w Polsce. Wyniki: Analiza obowiązujących przepisów prawnych w Polsce oraz badanie ankietowe pozwalają stwierdzić, że poziom wiedzy studentów na temat marihuany medycznej jest niski, niezależnie od roku studiów. Wnioski: Edukacja o układzie endokannabinoidowym w toku studiów na kierunku farmacja jest znikoma, dlatego istnieje zwiększona potrzeba zawarcia tego tematu w programie studiów farmaceutycznych
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