Purpose. Biomechanical research conducted on hurdling are the basis for analysis of technique used in running disciplines. However, the 400 m hurdle run is an athletic discipline rarely subjected to individual biomechanical study. The aim of this study was to introduce the various forms of biomechanical studies on this difficult-to-quantify athletic event. Methods. In this study, 64 biomechanical articles were assessed, each covering various topics such as kinematics, dynamics, accelometrics and rhythm knowledge in the both the men's and women's 400 m hurdles. This was conducted with regard to the specificity of studies on the 400 m hurdles, including their types, methods and difficulties. The characteristics of the study were divided, among others, into: physiological effort, centrifugal force, dynamics of movement, stride rhythm, the level of abilities, laterality and type of body build. Results. Numerous sources allowed the creation of a general outline of present biomechanical studies. Conclusions. Within the context of the conducted analysis on the present state of biomechanical analysis on the 400 m hurdles, a number of basic principles were outlined that could determine the effectiveness of future research possibilities for scientists on the 400 m hurdles.
The purpose of present review article is to gather the most important findings in the field of speed development including biomechanical, motor and neuro-muscular factors. Maximum speed is a complex motor ability, which manifests itself in real sports situations and is an important factor in various sports disciplines. Efficiency of maximum running is defined with frequency and the length of stride. Both variables are mutually dependant; they also depend on the processes of central regulation of motor stereotype. From the biomechanical point of view, a running stride as a basic structural unit depends on eccentric-concentric muscular cycle of take-off action. Utilisation of elastic strength in muscular-tendon complex and pre-activation of the gastrocnemius muscle is highly important in this element. Maximum running is very limited hereditary motor ability with characteristic of reduced possibility for controlling movement. Cerebellum, co-activation of muscles in kinetic chain and the frequency of activation of motor units play important roles in controlling the activation of agonists and antagonists. The prime goal of training is to create an optimal model of motor stereotype in the zone of maximum speed. Such process has to be long term and methodical.
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.