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Alcohol abuse is one of the most significant factors in the development of liver fibrosis. The pathomechanism of liver fibrosis is the same regardless of its etiology. Fibrosis is a sign of an imbalance between the synthesis of the extracellular matrix components and their degradation. Among the many cytokines that affect hepatic stellate cell activation it seems that transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is the most significant, either as the direct factor stimulating polymerase chain reaction (HSC) proliferation and transformation into myofibroblasts, or as the direct factor causing an increase in the activity of genes responsible for the synthesis of extracellular matrix components. The aim of the study was to reveal possible dependencies and differences between the presence of certain alleles of the TGF-β1 gene and its blood level in the study and control group. Blood samples were obtained from 39 patients, the control group consisted of 21 patients. The results obtained in the course of this study showed no statistically significant differences between the frequencies of particular polymorphisms. In the case of haplotype frequencies, insignificant differences were found for the algorithm Excoffier-Laval-Balding predicted haplotypes while one significant difference between the study and control groups was detected in case of the TC haplotype frequency predicted using the Expectation-Maximization algorithm. However, the difference in frequency of TC haplotype predicted by both algorithms was not significant. Genetic analysis of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in exon I of the TGF-β1 gene did not show significant differences between the occurrence of particular polymorphisms and haplotypes in the populations under study.
EN
Analysis of microsatellite instability (MI) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) is recommended for screening patients with sporadic and hereditary malignancies. This study shows an application of a fluorescent hexaplex PCR system for microsatellite typing on A.L.F. DNA Sequencer (Pharmacia Biotech). This technique detects changes in microsatellites providing a time-efficient, reliable and accurate method for MI and LOH analyses. The Fragment Manager software was used for automated size calculation and quantitation of DNA fragments, enabling rapid and precise measurement of allelic ratios. We examined 70 breast cancer and 70 control DNA specimens, classified all the patterns of microsatellite alterations, and set up MI and LOH assessment criteria for the automated multiplex fluorescent method.
EN
Background: While moderate physical exercise has positive effects on the cardiovascular system, the data regarding intensive endurance sports is biased with studies suggesting that the inflammatory response to strenuous exercise may act proarrhythmogenic. In amateurs, the effects of intensive endurance exercise on the cardiovascular system have not been studied. Analysis of the effects of a marathon on the kinetics of inflammatory biomarkers may bring new insights into this issue. Material and methods: We studied the effect of a marathon on the kinetics of inflammatory biomarkers: Endothelin-1 (ET-1), Pentraxin-3 (PTX-3), Neopterin and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the population of 35 amateur male marathoners. The study was divided into 3 stages: two weeks prior to the marathon (S1), at the finish line (S2) and two weeks after (S3). Blood analyses for biomarkers were performed at each stage. Results: The concentrations of ET-1 (3.20 ± 0.90 vs. 1.30 ±0.34 pg/ml, p <0,001), PTX-3 (441.09 ± 295.64 vs. 279.99 ± 125.68 pg/ml, p < 0,001), Neopterin (9.97 ± 2.17 vs. 8.36 ± 2.68 nmol/l, p < 0,05) and IL-6 (32.5 ± 13.90 vs. 0.97 ± 0.77 pg/ml, p < 0,001) were significantly higher at S2 compared to S1. Conclusions: Running a marathon causes an acute rise in concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers. Further research is needed on the long-term effects of intensive endurance exercise on the cardiovascular system.
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