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Różnice międzypłciowe w częstości i ekspresji autyzmu1

100%

Gałkowski T., Pisula E.

Kosmos

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2003

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vol. 52

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issue 1

113-117

EN

Summary Autism is a pervasive developmental disorder that occurs more frequently in boys than in girls. Though this phenomenon is widely known, very few studies focused on the relationship between sex and autism. It may be supposed that there are genetic factors related to sex differences in the incidence of autism. Some genetic pathologies specific for males and related to autism, such as fragile chromosome X, have been identified. Little is also known about the relationship of sex and the expression and the severity of traits associated with autism. It was found that during the early stages of life, girls were rated to be less severely autistic than boys on several measures of social development: communication, initiating social play, and seeking comfort in relations with an other person. Later on these relations were reversed. Complete interpretation of the observed differences is not possible before more data are collected.

2

Psychologiczne i genetyczne komponenty charakteryzujące autystyczne spektrum zaburzeń

100%

Gałkowski T., Pisula E.

Kosmos

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2003

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vol. 52

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issue 2-3

217-226

EN

Summary The childhood autism is a pervasive developmental disorder, still insufficiently known, though for the last 60 years the studies are continued. Many issues remain unresolved, however, some information crucial for understanding the core of autism has been also gathered. Children with autism provide fascinating data on the functioning of the human being. Every year new findings in genetics, molecular biology, neurophysiology are being provided, improving our ability to diagnose autism early and to intervene early. Some brain structures are responsible for recognition of emotions in the course of social interactions. This is a still fairly unknown field of research called "social brain". The studies on autism may provide support for the future understanding of the brains unfolded secrets, both at the biological and psychological level.

3

Self reported individual differences in inner speech (internal monologue and dialogue) in adolescents with Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder (SCD)

81%

Siedler A., Gałkowski T., Pąchalska M.

Acta Neuropsychologica

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2019

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vol. 17(1)

39-53

EN

The aim of the study was to assess self-reported individual differences in the use of the inner speech of adolescents with Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder (SCD) and in particular to answer the questions: Do adolescent with SCD have inner speech and what is the direction of this speech? Is this a monologue and internal dialogue, i.e., do they speak to themselves (internal monologue) or to other people (internal dialogue)? We tested 22 adolescents with SCD, diagnosed according to the DSM-5 criterion. The average age was 16.48 years, SD = 2.71. The youngest patient was 12 years old and the oldest was 19 years old. The modified version of the Puchalska-Wasyl Scale of Inner Speech was used for the study. The questionnaire was tailored to the capabilities of the persons with SCD and included questions about the occurrence of internal speech and the direction of this speech, that is, internal conversations to yourself (internal monologue) or to other people (internal dialogue). The patients participating in the experiment were informed in detail about the whole procedure and they or their parents, if they were under age, provided written consent for their participation in the experiment (according to the guidelines of the Helsinki Declaration, 2008). Statistical analysis showed that in adolescents with SCD there is a statistically significant relationship in the frequency of the monologue and internal dialogue. Persons who declared a more frequent occurrence of internal dialogue also declared more frequent occurrences of internal monologue, which means that they had the general ability for inner speech. A comparison of the direction of inner speech, that is the internal monologue and internal dialogue has shown that during inner speech they more often use internal dialogue than internal monologue. It was found that in adolescents with SCD, inner speech is present, and it manifests itself in the form of an internal monologue and internal dialogue. However, far more often do they use internal dialogue than internal monologue.

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Różnice międzypłciowe w częstości i ekspresji autyzmu1

Psychologiczne i genetyczne komponenty charakteryzujące autystyczne spektrum zaburzeń

Self reported individual differences in inner speech (internal monologue and dialogue) in adolescents with Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder (SCD)