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1

Biotechnology in haploids and polyploids

100%
Niemirowicz-Szczytt K.
Biotechnologia
|
1996
|
issue 1
52-59
EN
The progress made by new biotechnologies in haploid and polyploid developments is outlined.There are many applications for biotechnology in haploid production via anther or ovule culture or embryo rescue, clonal propagation, doubling, protoplast fusion, mutant induction and transformation.In several species, transformed germplasm derived from somatic fusion or gene transfer is already being used in fields trials.Meiotic mutants that form unreduced gametes have improved results of crosses between species with different levels of ploidy.Genomic maps based on RFLP technique and doubled haploids as well as physical maps (FISH technique) are under construction.New molecular (RFLP, RAPD) and immunological markers are being used for diagnostic assays.The priorities for biotechnology research in plants are emphasised.
2

The significance of plant genetic transformation for modern research

100%
Niemirowicz-Szczytt K.
Biotechnologia
|
2006
|
issue 4
164-167
EN
It has been over ten years now since genetically modified plants, obtained due to genetic transformation, started to be cultivated in many countries all over the world. As a rule, a GM plant is characterized by a new trait developed as a result of gene/genes (T-DNA), derived from another organism. It seems that no in sufficient attention has been paid to the fact that genetic transformation has provided a useful tool for functional plant genomics. The identification of genome sequences of a few species (such as Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa i Medicago truncatula) and significant progress in genome sequencing of some others, including trees (Populus trichocarpa), lead to an inevitable question about the function of genes. It is the knowledge of the function of DNA sequences that allows for their practical applications. Insertional mutagenesis, based on T-DNA incorporation, meant to cause gene modification resulting in the development of new plant phenotypes. Mutant phenotype ensures isolation and identification of the modified gene. In order to identify the function of a gene which does not bring about phenotype changes, it is necessary to supplement an inserted DNA segment with sequences enabling the monitoring of gene expression. Gene silencing technology is another way to get the information about gene function and to control genes. New techniques are being enriched with improved chemical and physical mutation methods. Further studies and new applications are greatly facilitated by the detection of gene functions with the use of insertional mutagenesis, gene silencing strategy and evaluation of gene expression.
3

Transgene expression in plant cell

64%
Niemirowicz-Szczytt K., Bartoszewski G.
Biotechnologia
|
2000
|
issue 4
11-23
EN
Transgene incorporation in plant genome does not mean that the gene will be active and will show expression at the required level. It is often the case that transgenic plants do not exhibit the activity of the gene introduced. Gene expression is known to be dependent on many factors such as: chimeric gene structure, proper and stable integration to the genome and proper transcription and translation. The knowledge of transgene regulation is essential for the understanding of the transcription and translation mechanisms. Each plazmid component is vital for later transgene expression. This refers to the size of T-DNA introduced, location of particular elements, leader sequences length, AUG sequences, introns presence, optimum coding gene synthesis, removal of RNA instability signals and many other possible modifications.
4

Combining ability and heterosis effect in winter squash (Cucurbita maxima Duch.)

64%
Korzeniewska A., Niemirowicz-Szczytt K.
Genetica Polonica
|
1993
|
vol. 34
|
issue 3
259-272
EN
Combining ability and heterosis effect of mine inbred lines of was estimated. As a result of incomplete diallel crosses 49 hybrids were obtained and then they were evaluated in two years of experiment. Both GCA and SCA were estimated. Heterosis effect was tested by comparison to the better parental form. was also estimated by comparison to the standard and by Pollhamer method. High GCA values were indicated for such traits as fruit weight and number, and yield. Significant SCA was observed for fruit yield. It confirms the contribution of the other than additive gene action. With respect to dry matter content and yield 144 line appeared to be the best parental form. Reciprocal crosses had an important effect on fruit vield and fruit weight. The highest heterosis effect was observed for dry matter yield and dry matter content.
5

Agrobacterium-mediated tomato transformation

64%
Bartoszewski G., Niemirowicz-Szczytt K.
|
|
issue 1
43-63
EN
Tomato is one of the model species used for crop transformation. The first transgenic tomato variety, known as Flavr Savr?, was approved for sale in the USA in 1994. The introduced trait of this cultivar is delayed ripening. In 1996, its acreage was reported to be 10,000 acres. Another variety characterised by delayed ripening is Endless Summer?, approved in 1995. There are some other cultivars with new traits, such as thicker skin, altered pectin or resistance to viruses (TSWV, ToMV) either approved or pending approval. In addition, a wide range of basic research on tomato transformation has been carried out, including studies on resistance to herbicides, viruses, fungi, bacteria, insects as well as on altered transcription regulation, ripening, carotenoid synthesis, level of auxines and cytokinines, carbohydrates, proteins and specific vaccines. Further improvement of tomato varieties is expected with the use of Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
6

Genetic background of host-pathogen interaction between Cucumis sativus L. and Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans

51%
Olczak-Woltman H., Schollenberger M., Niemirowicz-Szczytt K.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
2009
|
vol. 50
|
issue 1
1-7
EN
The interplay of plant resistance mechanisms and bacterial pathogenicity is very complex. This applies also to the interaction that takes place between the pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans (Smith et Bryan) and the cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as its host plant. Research on P. syringae pv. lachrymans has led to the discovery of specific factors produced during pathogenesis, i.e. toxins or enzymes. Similarly, studies on cucumber have identified the specific types of plant resistance expressed, namely Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) or Induced Systemic Resistance (ISR). This paper presents a summary of the current state of knowledge about this particular host-pathogen interaction, with reference to general information about interactions of P. syringae pathovars with host plants.
7

Effectiveness of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in selected forms of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and preliminary characteristics of transgenic plants.

51%
Bartoszewski G., Malepszy S., Niemirowicz-Szczytt K.
Biotechnologia
|
1997
|
issue 4
62-70
EN
Three forms of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. variety Beta, line ls and line nor were subject to Agrobacterium-mediated transformation with two constructs: pBI121 and pRUR528. In both cases transgenic plants were obtained which formed roots in a medium with kanamycin and showed expected band in the PCR analysis. The effectiveness of the transformation, measured as the number of explants forming structures on selection medium, was different for the used genotypes when a bacterial strain carrying plasmid pRUR528 was used. No genotype-dependent difference in effectiveness of the transformation was observed in the case of pBI121. The genotype-dependent differences in the effectiveness of the transgenic shoots regeneration and rooting were observed. 76% of transgenic plants showed unchanged ploidy level.
8
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Cecha męskiej sterylności u rzodkiewki (Raphanus sativus L.) – podłoże genetyczne i molekularne

51%
Hawliczek-Strulak A., Bartoszewski G., Korzeniewska A., Niemirowicz-Szczytt K.
Postępy Nauk Rolniczych
|
2011
|
issue 4
9

Transformation of selected genotypes of tomato with the help of A. tumefaciens

45%
Bartoszewski G., Fedorowicz O., Malinowski R., Niedziela A., Niemirowicz-Szczytt K.
Biotechnologia
|
2000
|
issue 4
99-102
EN
Tomato belongs to important crops widely cultivated all over the world. It is also one of the five most popular vegetables grown in Poland. At the same time, tomato is known to be a model species in modern biology and biotechnology. Since 1985 a lot of reports on tomato transformation with the use of Agrobacterium have been published. Recently, first transgenic varieties of this species have also been developed. Flavr Savr? obtained by Calgene, USA was the first cultivar obtained as a result of genetic engineering, officially registered in the United States. In our Department the methods of tomato transformation with Agrobacterium tumefaciens have been adapted and optimised. Numerous transgenic plants have been obtained, such as commercial varieties (Beta, Potentat), inbred lines as well as tomato mutants (non-ripening, lateral suppressor). The following genes were introduced to the above forms: beta-glucuronidase reporter gene (gusA), thaumatin gene (sweet protein), isopentenyl transferase gene (ipt, coding the key enzyme in cytokinin metabolic pathway) and thus homozygous lines were developed (T2 generation). Most recently, attempts have been made to incorporate mgfp5-ER gene coding green fluorescence protein, nucleoprotein (N) gene from tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and cDNA of putative P450 cytochrome (CYP72) in order to test gene expression and interaction.
10

Selected aspects of genetic transformation in cucumber, tomato, and sweet pepper

45%
Bartoszewski G., Szwacka M., Czarny M., Niemirowicz-Szczytt K., Malepszy S.
Biotechnologia
|
2010
|
issue 4
146-154
EN
Plant transformation is a technology widely used in gene functional analysis and crop improvement. In this article we have attempted to sum up the studies on plant transformation carried out by the Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, pointing out to recent developments in this field. Efficient Agrobacterium-based transformation protocols for cucumber and tomato were established and applied. Several traits, including fruit taste (thaumatin gene), chilling tolerance (pGT::DHN24), parthenocarpy (DefH9::iaaM), and virus resistance (TSWV nucleoprotein gene), were modified. Transgenic cucumber lines expressing mitochondrially targeted GFP protein were developed. Sensory evaluation of fruit traits and of unintended effects of cucumber expressing thaumatin gene was made. Cucumber and tomato transformation was also applied with the aim to carry out gene functional analysis. Having introduced overexpression, silencing, and promoter gene constructs, we were able to obtain several transgenic tomato lines. Attempts have been made to set up an efficient method of sweet pepper transformation.
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