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Optimizing energy consumption in the metropolis

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PL
The proliferation of building management systems is limited only by the imagination of their developers as well as by technological progress, which allows for the remote control of all the available systems that aid us in making buildings more energy efficient, due to the fact that energy prices continually rise. The maximizing of a building’s energy efficiency has now become an inseparable component of their design. Due to the comparison of the two constituents of the sum of a building’s use of energy: that of the building itself and that of the user, an optimized energy efficiency scenario allows us to foresee the need for energy and its future costs. On the metropolitan scale, with tens of millions of structures, hundreds of millions of users and distances that greatly affect transportation costs, large amounts of energy are consumed. It is of great importance to pursue the development of intelligent systems that will be capable of minimizing energy use with intelligent building management systems, seemingly predestined for this role.
PL
Metropolises can be analyzed from numerous points of view. Miller’s Law allows us to analyze them in the context of their behavior as complex organisms, as the fruit of the process of globalization. Their layout over the space of the world is subjected to Zipf’s Law. The subject of this article is a fragment of this spatial layout, a latitudinal transportation corridor ‒ the Polish section of the A-4 route from Germany to Ukraine. The Author searches for the genius loci of the metropolises that are situated along this corridor, for the elements that allow their inhabitants to identify themselves with a given metropolis.
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Hopscotch

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PL
How to play the city game in the greatest city in the world? Build, do not ask for anything. And how to locate skyscrapers? Far enough away from each other, to ensure that the worse does not fall on the good one. And what to do when the territory ends? O ccupy another, and call it all Mexico City. And how do you plan the development of this city? Do not plan, development will be faster. And is this city inhabitable at all?
PL
Porto is the second metropolis of Portugal. The economic crisis has slowed down the development and growth of not only the city itself, but also that of its metropolitan area. It has not, however, put a stop to the process of reshaping its spatial structure. It biggest problem is a high degree of unemployment caused by the declining amount of jobs in the private sector, in addition to the process of the society becoming poorer overall. A high factor of work-motivated emigration to Portuguese speaking countries, as well as some European states, is also present. The comparison to analogous problems arising in the Three-city region – the Polish coastal metropolis – seems to suggest a correlation between certain trends, however the difference regarding Porto is a larger percentage of the share of the unemployed in the working age adults group, which is accompanied by a decrease in the unemployment of persons just entering the workforce. There is also the element of crime. Furthermore, there seems to be a big difference in the economic potential and innovative factors that favor the Portuguese metropolis, which is a stronger economic center than Three-city. The most important element that stabilizes the development of the Three-city metropolis is the preservation of local jobs.
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