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Comparative analysis of endurance of not hearing and hearing students

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Iwańska D., Madej A., Urbanik C.
Biomedical Human Kinetics
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2013
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vol. 5
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issue 1
51-58
EN
Study aim: Sport participation is important for deaf children, as participants experience physical, psychological and social benefits [23]. This study is a summary of four year’s researches on the endurance level of deaf and well hearing girls and boys. The aim of this study was to compare endurance of not hearing and hearing students. Material and methods: 300 students aged 12, 14 and 16 from six Warsaw’s schools participated in the study. Students were divided into 12 groups according to three criterions: hearing impairment level, gender and age. The physical fitness was measured with laboratory methods. There was „inclined plane” measurement set used to estimate the endurance level. From the biomechanical point of view the measure of endurance is change of power versus time and total work. Results: The study result’s proved significant differences only between boy’s group. Deaf and hearing girls presented similar level of their endurance parameters. The significant differences in results of deaf and well-hearing students were observed in the groups of 14 years old boys. Deaf male students presented 23% lower (p < 0.01) values of maximal power in comparison to their hearing peers. Yet, they were more capable of sustaining the power developed for a longer time, which is proved by significantly higher (33%; p < 0.001) regression coefficient b. Since maximal power level was lower, the executed work was also significantly lower comparing to well-hearing students’ results. Conclusion: Research proved that deaf students do not vary from their well-hearing peers with regard to the energetic potential. Differences described in the literature and recorded in our research are probably the result of environmental (social) factors and different models of gaining movement habits.
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Power Training Efficiency After Single Joint and Multiple Joint Exercises

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Mastalerz A., Lutosławska G., Urbanik C.
Human Movement
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2009
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vol. 10
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issue 2
153-157
EN
Purpose. Single joint (open kinetic chain) and multiple joint (closed kinetic chain) exercises have been recommended in rehabilitation of patients with anterior knee pain. Single joint exercises are common exercises to strengthen selected muscle groups. The advantage of single joint exercises is a low risk of pain due to their limited technical complexity. Multiple joint exercises are more demanding from the standpoint of human motor performance. The efficiency of power training after single and multiple joint exercises was the aim of the study. Basic procedures. Forty eight men constituted the study sample (aged 22 ± 0.8 years, body weight - 78.3 ± 6.4 kg, body height 183 ± 5.6 cm). They were informed about the experimental procedure as well as the purpose of the study, and gave their consent to take part in the experiment. That study was approved by the local research ethics committee. After control measurements the participants were randomized into four groups (n = 12 each): two groups performing multiple joint exercises (A - jumps on an inclined plane, B - vertical jumps), and two single joint exercises (C - knee extensions with linear resistance load - elastic loads, D - knee extensions with inertial loads). The exercises were carried out in four-week exercise sessions, for five days a week. 4 sets of 10 reps (jumps or extensions) with 120-second intervals were applied during each session. The counter movement jump power (on a Kistler force plate with BioWare 4.0 software), during isokinetic knee motion at 240, 180, 60 and 30 deg/s (Biodex Medical System 3 Pro) and EMG (Mega Electronics System) of the Rectus Femoris and Vastus Lateralis muscles were recorded seven times (once before, three times during and three times after training). Main findings. The external load for single and multiple joint exercises was adjusted by individual power of motion. However the training volume (external work) was lowered twice during training with single joint exercises. Muscle force during isokinetic tests was significantly correlated with velocity achieved during training. Therefore the homogeneity of the movement structure between training and control exercises is required. Conclusions. Velocity of motion during exercise and time of muscle work are the most important factors determining efficiency of single- and multiple-joint exercises.
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Relationship between Muscle Strength and Front Crawl Swimming Velocity

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Gola R., Urbanik C., Iwańska D., Madej A.
Human Movement
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2014
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vol. 15
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issue 2
110-115
EN
Purpose. competitive performance in swimming depends on a number of factors including, among others, the development of relevant muscle groups. The aim of the study was to clarify the relationship between muscle strength and swimming velocity and the role of individual muscle groups in front crawl swimming. Methods. sixteen physical education university students participated in the study. The strength values, defined as torque produced during isometric contractions, of eight upper and lower extremity muscle groups were measured. Data were compared with participants' front crawl swim times in the 25m and 50m distances. Results. correlation analysis demonstrated a relationship between muscle strength and swimming velocity. statistically significant relationships were observed between swimming velocity and the torque values of the elbow flexor and shoulder extensor muscles as well as the sum of upper extremity muscle torque values (p ⋋ 0.05). Conclusions. The results indicate the need for a focus on training those muscle groups identified as having a statistically significant relationship with swimming velocity for a given distance, as the sample showed deficiencies in the strength of those muscle groups responsible for generating propulsive force in the front crawl. Additionally, the collected data can serve as a diagnostic tool in evaluating the development of muscle groups critical for swimming performance.
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