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EN
Conservation in situ is, for many reasons, the most important means of maintaining gene resources of wild plants. Forms of this conservation must be constantly improved and increasingly more diversified, and their effectiveness carefully supervised. The authors discuss the problem of the conservation object and aim, criteria and strategy of choise, scope of plant diversity, which should be encompassed by conservation measures, and against this background they evaluate the role of nature reserves in protection of gene resources.
EN
In the very middle of Poland the erection of a big quarry of brown coal is begun as well as great power station which will strongly affect environment of the region covering 20 000 km!. The biological investigations carried out in the years 1948/1980, i.e. the quarry was started, are summarized. The authors propose a new program of investigations and suggest that the region may be a suitable object for further ecological studies on biota and ecosystems, influenced with industrial pressure.
EN
The role of vegetation in recreative environment is discussed as well as a value of ecological data applied in spatial planning. Only phytosociological maps — real and potential vegetation maps — may be the sources of objective ecological information about vegetation as well as environment diversity. The next functions of vegetation are distinguished: bioindicatoric, biotope-forming, physiological, psychologic, organizational and hobbystic.
EN
The analysis of results of geobotanical research which had been executed by different authors in different parts of Poland has proved conformity in estimation of recreation areas, and in formation of their management rules. Objectivism of these researches and also their usefulness in spatial planning confirm it. The m ps of real and potential vegetation should be a basic source of information for spatial planning from a single object up to scale of region.
EN
In the area of Central Poland about 35 new nature reserves are projected to be from. A mong them forest reserves take the first place. They are ment to protect natural phytocoenosis of forest which are typical for this area. Also formation of few peatbog-, floristic-, and landscape- reserves is of great importance. An enlargement of the area of four already exsisting reserves is also expected.
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EN
Arboreta, botanic gardens, palm houses as well old ornamental gardens and parks are as yet not full utilized aims of tourist trips. The author discusses its role in popularization of natural history and art, and its usefulness for people recreation.
EN
Decrease of fungi in Europe has been fundamentally caused by decrease of appropriate habitats. The problems concerning necessity of fungi protection an d some practical difficulties are discussed in the paper. The list of species under the law protection since 1983 is given. At present the red list of threatened macromycetes is in the course of elaboration.
EN
Conservation of the plant cover in reserves is a part of a wide range of problems connected of the biosphere resources against destruction. An important role in this area should be played by botanists and ecologists. The present article provides information about initiatives — mainly international conferences — devoted to protection of plant species against extinction, and it gives a review of floristic and phytosociological studies that might contribute to better description of reserves and determination of recommendations concerning active protection of plants and plant communities.
EN
The paper contains materials of Herbarium Universitatis Lodziensis from the genus Carex, subgenus Psylophora Ehrh. and Vignea P. B. with the exception of Carex contiqua Hoppe, C. pairaei F. Schultz, C. Vulpina L. and C. nemorosa Rebent. During revision of determinations there were introduced corrections marked by abbreviation dt. in the text.
EN
In 1972—1979 period the investigations on the distribution of Gentiana ciliata in Przedborz-Malogoszcz Range were carried out. Its occurrence is illustrated in fig. 1. In the course of these observations new places with Gentiana ciliata, unknown till now, were found. All these places occur beyand the northern limit of Gentiana ciliata. In Przedborz-Malogoszcz Range the Gentiana ciliata grows on calcareaces rendzinas and sands the thickness of which does not ex ceed 25 cm, overlying limestones.
PL
Praca zawiera wyniki badań nad rozmieszczeniem gatunku chronionego Gentiana ciliata w Paśmie Przedborsko-Mołogoskim. Opisane stanowiska goryczki orzęsionej leżą na północ od uznawanej granicy zasięgu tego gatunku.
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EN
The segetal flora of the Łódź Upland includes 302 species of vascular plants and 8 species of Bryophyta. A high contribution of apophytes is typical for this flora (174 species). From among the apophytes, meadow and waterside plants (57 and 34 species, respectively) are dominating. This is due, among others, to the effect of seminatural associations on the composition of the segetal flora of this region. The group of anthropophytes includes 128 species, with a dominance of archeophytes (89 species) and a significant share of epecophytes (18 species). For the flora studied, a preponderance of short-lived species (192) and therophytes (174 species) is characteristic.
PL
W pracy podano wykaz stanowisk 310 gatunków chwastów, zanotowanych w latach 1973-1977 na siedliskach segetalnych Wzniesień Łódzkich. Poza tym przedstawiono ogólną charakterystykę flory segetalnej tego mezoregionu. Na podstawie analizy zebranego i zestawionego materiału stwierdzono zależność składu flory segetalnej omawianego obszai^i od warunków przyrodniczych, poziomu kultury rolnej i nasilenia procesów urbanizacyjnych. Na skutek wzmożonej antropopresji zaznacza się wulgaryzacja i kosmopolityzacja flory segetalnej tej części środkowej Polski.
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EN
Studies of the synanthropic flora of Sulejów and Podklasztorze were carried out in the years 1974-1978. Moreover, plant species cited previously in the literature from all synanthropic species of the above localities were taken into account. In general, 535 plant species were found on anthropogenous seats of Sulejów and Podklasztorze (Sulejów - 493, Podklasztorze - 434), including 170 species not reported hitherto. Quantitative differences between the synanthropic floras of the two localities are conditioned by their size, pattern and developmental dynamics. Biological spectrum points to a slight ascendancy of perennial over short- -lived species (Sulejów - 51%, Podklasztorze - 52% of the former).
PL
Artykuł zawiera wyniki badań, przeprowadzonych w latach 1974-1978, nad florą synantropijną Sulejowa i Podklasztorza, miejscowości położonych w sąsiedztwie sulejowskiego zbiornika retencyjnego. Florę synantropijną tych miejscowości cechuje duża różnorodność i bogactwo, co wiąże się z zróżnicowaniem siedlisk. Reprezentowana jest ona przez 535 gatunków, w tym 392 (73%) to gatunki wspólne dla Sulejowa i Podklasztorza. Gatunki rodzime - apofity liczą 333 (62,2%), a obce - antropofity 202 (37,8%).
EN
Observations on the segetal flora of the Belcliatow Mining-Energetic District (BMED) were carried out in the years 1976—1980. 248 species of vascular plants were found on segetal stands of this district, among them 65.3% of annual species. From among 248 species of vascular plants, 154 species belonged to apophytes (62.3%) and 94 species to anthropophytes (37.7%). Among apophytes most abundant are meadow species (27.9%), species of sandy turfs and sands (21.4%), aquatic (19.5%), forest and shrub species (14.3%) and species of xerothermic turfs (11.7%). The group of anthropophytes is dominated by archeophytes (67%). The composition of the segetal flora of BMED is consitioned by natural factors and by diverse factors connected with agriculture.
PL
W pracy podano wykaz 248 gatunków chwastów, zanotowanych w latach 1976—1980 na siedliskach segetalnych Bełchatowskiego Okręgu Górniczno- Energetycznego (BOGE). Wśród roślin naczyniowych tego obszaru przeważają gatunki krótkotrwałe (65,3%) oraz apofity (62,3%).
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