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Verification of Anaerobic Threshold Indicators for Cross-Country Skiers in Natural Conditons

100%
Klusiewicz A., Cempa W.
Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism
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2011
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vol. 18
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issue 4
300-303
EN
Introduction. The objective of this paper was to verify hart rate values for the anaerobic threshold in cross-country skiers during long-term submaximal intensity training effort. Material and methods. Stress tests were conducted for 6 athletes (4 female and 2 male members of the Polish National Team). The first test involved a graded-intensity laboratory stress test on a mechanical treadmill which consisted of 5-minute exercising periods and enable determining the anaerobic threshold values. The subsequent test (performed within 2-7 days after the first test) involved a submaximal intensity run test based on the determined heart rate (HR) ranges for 400 m on a tartan track. The test involved a 10-minute run done three times at a given intensity based on the HR values for blood lactate level at 4 mmol/l (HRppa), previously determined during the laboratory tests. First exercise: a run at a speed corresponding to HRppa minus 10 bpm, second exercise: HRppa minus 5 bpm and third exercise: HRppa. Results. The verification of the HRppa values recorded in the laboratory tests on a mechanical treadmill confirmed that this indicator is moderately useful for the purpose of selecting the exercise load during race trainings in natural conditions. Conclusion. The race speeds determined on a mechanical treadmill for the anaerobic threshold need to be corrected (increased speed) for the purpose of finding similar exercise load for race trainings in natural conditions.
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Characteristics of the Respiratory Muscle Strength of Women and Men at Different Training Levels

81%
Klusiewicz A., Zubik ł., Długołęcka B., Charmas M.
Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism
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2015
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vol. 21
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issue 2
82-86
EN
Introduction. The objective of the study was to determine the maximal inspiratory mouth pressure (PImax) of highly trained male and female athletes competing in endurance sports and of non-training students of both sexes. Analysis was conducted of the dependence of PImax levels on somatic indices and training experience. The reproducibility of the method for measuring PImax index was determined. Material and methods. The study examined a total of 234 training and non-training individuals (78 women and 156 men). The test subjects were measured for PImax, as well as inspiratory time, active time, passive time and diaphragm relaxation time. A group of 59 women and men (training and non-training) were tested a second time within 5-7 days of the first test to determine the reproducibility of the PImax measurements. Results and conclusion. The measurements were found to be highly reproducible (between the first and second tests no statistically significant differences were found, all spirometric indices included in the study were shown to demonstrate a significant correlation, and total error for all of the analyzed indexes was between 11.1 and 24.3%). Reference ranges for PImax were determined for women and men at different training levels. PImax was shown to have a positive dependence on somatic indices characterizing male and female body mass.
3
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Reference Values of Maximal Oxygen Uptake for Polish Rowers

61%
Klusiewicz A., Starczewski M., Ładyga M., Długołęcka B., Braksator W., Mamcarz A., Sitkowski D.
Journal of Human Kinetics
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2014
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vol. 44
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issue 1
121-127
EN
The aim of this study was to characterize changes in maximal oxygen uptake over several years and to elaborate current reference values of this index based on determinations carried out in large and representative groups of top Polish rowers. For this study 81 female and 159 male rowers from the sub-junior to senior categories were recruited from the Polish National Team and its direct backup. All the subjects performed an incremental exercise test on a rowing ergometer. During the test maximal oxygen uptake was measured with the BxB method. The calculated reference values for elite Polish junior and U23 rowers allowed to evaluate the athletes’ fitness level against the respective reference group and may aid the coach in controlling the training process. Mean values of VO2max achieved by members of the top Polish rowing crews who over the last five years competed in the Olympic Games or World Championships were also presented. The results of the research on the “trainability” of the maximal oxygen uptake may lead to a conclusion that the growth rate of the index is larger in case of high-level athletes and that the index (in absolute values) increases significantly between the age of 19-22 years (U23 category).
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