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PL
The article presents the problem of ichthyofauna protection in aquatic ecosystems. One of the possible solutions to protect the fish and fry in the water intakes is the use of properly designed water intake screens. The article presents the results of numerical calculations performed in Autodesk Simulation CFD software considering the performance of water intake screen under various conditions.
PL
In the paper the results of experimental research on the deterioration of drinking water quality after cement mortar lining were presented. The experiments were conducted in the renovated water pipeline section in Cracow. Based on the results, the expected degree of leaching of the pollutants from cement mortar to drinking water for specified lengths and diameters of renovated pipes, as well as water velocities, was estimated.
PL
Cementation of iron water and sewage pipes is a standard procedure that is used to ensure internal protection against corrosion. In order to reduce leaching of chemical elements from coating to water, the neutral impact of cement coating on the water is of major importance. In the present study, the elemental composition of the cement mortar lining, taken from the new cast iron pipes with a diameter of 100 and 150 mm, has been investigated. A reference sample was made from Portland cement. Studies using scanning electron microscopy revealed an increased contents of titanium in the sewage pipes coating and also aluminum and alkali in water pipe coatings.
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vol. 60
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issue 4
779-782
EN
The formation of oil/water (O/W) nano-emulsions suitable for cosmeceutical application was studied. Nano-emulsions were prepared by using phase inversion composition (PIC) method, one of the low-energy emulsification methods. The process consist of stepwise water addition to oil/surfactant mixture, at T = 25°C. Caprylic/capric triglycerides (GTCC), propylene glycol dicaprylate/dicaprate (PC) and oleic acid (OA) were applied as an oil phase. Polysorbate 80 was used as the surfactant. Kinetic stability of the nano-emulsions was analyzed by measuring droplet size as a function of time for different oil/surfactant ratio. The particles size distribution was analyzed by means DLS measurement technique (Dynamic Light Scattering), using Zetasizer Nano ZS (Malvern Instruments, UK). One of triterpenoic acid, practically non-water soluble substance was selected as an active and incorporated into the stable formulation. The obtained results proved that the nanoemulsion NE-T80-GTCC-20:80 based on caprylic/capric triglycerides with the oil/surfactant ratio O/S = 2 0:80 and the droplet size r = 25 nm was the most stable one and additionally showed the highest solubilisation capacity for the triterpene.
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