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1
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Innovative bio-products for agriculture

100%
Chojnacka K.
Open Chemistry
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2015
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vol. 13
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issue 1
EN
The paper reports state of the art research in the field of novel bio-based products for agriculture. Biopesticides, biostimulants and biofertilizers were shown as a potential alternative or additional products to the currently used agrochemicals. The present situation on the market of agrochemicals was discussed. Difficulties related to products registration were taken into account. Research on supercritical algal extracts as a biostimulant of plant growth and health supporting feed additive for laying hens was presented, as well as the perspectives of the use of biomass as the carrier of fertilizer nutrients. The method of production of new fertilizer components with micronutrients was biosorption. The concept of new phosphorus biofertilizers containing living microflora that solubilizes phosphorus was reported.
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Multi-cation biosorption bychlorella kessleri

64%
Saeid A., Chojnacka K.
Open Chemistry
|
2015
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vol. 13
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issue 1
EN
This paper discusses the biosorption in a multi-cation system as an example of advances in the method of ions removal/binding to the biomass. Biosorption experiments were conducted on Chlorella kessleri biomass. The ions used in the experiment were Co(II), Cu(II), Mn(II) and Zn(II) and had the following configurations: binary, ternary and quaternary system. Also, the effect of the following anions Cl-, NO3-, SO42- on the biosorption process in the quaternary system (initial concentration of each ion was 0−300 mg L-1) was examined. The affinity order determined in the experiment was as follows: Cu(II)>Zn(II)>Mn(II)>Co(II). At higher concentrations of Cu(II) cations, the strong competition effect between Cu(II) cations with the remaining cations was observed. The modified Langumir competition model was proposed to support the biosorption method in the description of the experimental data of inhibited metal ions biosorption. After the influence of anions was examined, the highest total biosorption capacity was obtained for 1:1:2 system (Cl-: NO3- : SO42-).
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Retinopatia wcześniaków – etiopatogeneza i leczenie

51%
Rybus-Kalinowska B., Kwiatkowski S., Chojnacka K., Jochem J.
Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna
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2017
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vol. 13
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issue 1
22-28
EN
Retinopathy of prematurity belongs to the group of proliferative retinopathies. It affects preterm infants with very low birth weight, treated with high concentrations of oxygen. It is estimated that retinopathy of prematurity leads to blindness in approximately 50,000 children per year worldwide. There were two epidemics of retinopathy of prematurity in the 50s and 70s of the last century. Another increase in the incidence, referred to as the third epidemic in the literature, has been observed in recent years in developing countries. So far, high oxygen concentrations used in adjuvant oxygen therapy have been considered to be the major risk factor for retinopathy of prematurity. There are, however, reports on the development of the disease in patients who received no oxygen therapy. Low birth weight and early gestational age are well-known risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity. Other important risk factors include sex, multiple pregnancy, intraventricular haemorrhage and blood transfusions. The disease can be prevented by screening performed by an ophthalmologist within a few weeks after birth. Laser retinal photocoagulation, which is primarily aimed to inhibit fibrovascular proliferation, is the standard therapy in infants with retinopathy of prematurity. Surgical treatment is necessary in the case of disease progression despite laser photocoagulation. Attempts are also made to use vascular endothelial growth factor blockers. The aim of the paper is to present the pathomechanism and the main factors involved in the development of retinopathy of prematurity as well as the current therapeutic approaches for this disease. This information is intended to help family doctors update their knowledge on retinopathy of prematurity.
PL
Retinopatia wcześniaków należy do grupy retinopatii proliferacyjnych. Występuje u wcześniaków z bardzo niską masą urodzeniową, leczonych tlenem o wysokim stężeniu. Szacuje się, że jest przyczyną upośledzenia widzenia u około 50 000 dzieci rocznie. Lata 50. i 70. ubiegłego wieku to okresy wystąpienia dwóch epidemii retinopatii wcześniaków. W ostatnich latach w krajach rozwijających się następuje kolejny wzrost zachorowań, który w literaturze określa się mianem trzeciej epidemii. Wysokie stężenie tlenu w uzupełniającej tlenoterapii uważano dotychczas za główny czynnik ryzyka rozwoju retinopatii wcześniaków. Istnieją jednak doniesienia o pojawieniu się tej choroby u pacjentów, u których nie zastosowano terapii tlenem. Niska masa urodzeniowa i wczesny wiek ciążowy są dobrze znanymi czynnikami ryzyka rozwoju retinopatii wcześniaków. Do innych ważnych czynników należą płeć, ciąża mnoga, krwawienie dokomorowe i transfuzje krwi. Wystąpieniu tej choroby można zapobiegać dzięki badaniom przesiewowym wykonywanym przez okulistę w okresie kilku tygodni po urodzeniu. Za standardowe leczenie retinopatii wcześniaków uznaje się laserową fotokoagulację siatkówki, której zasadniczym celem jest zahamowanie rozwoju proliferacji włóknisto-naczyniowych. W przypadku wystąpienia progresji choroby pomimo zastosowania fotokoagulacji laserowej konieczne jest leczenie operacyjne. Podejmowane są również próby zastosowania leków blokujących czynniki wzrostu nieprawidłowych naczyń. Celem pracy jest przedstawienie patomechanizmu i czynników odgrywających ważną rolę w rozwoju retinopatii wcześniaków oraz opis aktualnych metod leczenia tej choroby. Informacje te mają pomóc pediatrom i lekarzom rodzinnym zaktualizować wiedzę na temat retinopatii wcześniaków.
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New generation of phosphate fertilizer from bones, produced by bacteria

51%
Wyciszkiewicz M., Saeid A., Górecki H., Chojnacka K.
Open Chemistry
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2015
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vol. 13
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issue 1
EN
In this article, the phytotoxicity of biofertilizer produced from bones and its utilitarian properties are presented. Biofertilizer was obtained from bones in a solubilization process of phosphates conducted by bacteria Bacillus megaterium. Two in vivo tests were used for examination of the utilitarian properties of the biofertilizer: a hydroponic and a germination test. The experiment was performed using three groups of plants and four replications: group 1 − not treated (control 1), group 2 − with a conventional fertilizer (control 2), and group 3 – with the biofertilizer (experimental group). In the hydroponic tests, the best growth parameters were found for the samples where the biofertilizer was applied. The greater dry mass of plants was observed for plants collected from this group compared to the control 1 group and the group where the commercial fertilizer were used. In the case of the plant length and the intensity of green color, statistically significant differences were found. The utilitarian properties of the biofertilizer, evaluated from a germination test, were similar to those of the classical fertilizer. Statistically significant differences were found between the mass and intensity of green color of the experimental group (with the biofertilizer) and the control 1 group.
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Biofortification of maize with micronutrients by Spirulina

51%
Tuhy Ł., Samoraj M., Witkowska Z., Chojnacka K.
Open Chemistry
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2015
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vol. 13
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issue 1
EN
The aim of the present work was to examine the effect of the application of Spirulina platensis post-extraction residues enriched with Zn(II), Mn(II), Cu(II) via biosorption as micronutrient fertilizer for the biofortification of maize grains with micronutrients in field tests. As a nominal dose 2.5 kg ha-1 of zinc, 1.0 kg ha-1 of manganese and 0.5 kg ha-1 of copper were applied. The preparation was applied also in higher doses (150%, 200%) to investigate agronomic biofortification of maize grains. In field trials, obtained grain yield (7.2 Mg ha-1 for Spirulina 100%) was higher than in control group (6.2 Mg ha-1) and commercial reference product (6.6 Mg ha-1). For the same dose of micronutrients, their bioavailability was higher for bio-preparations than for reference fertilizer. The highest content of micronutrients delivered to plants (2.15 mg kg-1 – Cu, 7.07 mg kg-1 – Mn, 29.0 mg kg-1 – Zn) was observed for maize grains fertilized with preparation of Spirulina 150%, which signifies that biofortified maize grain was obtained. Corn grains biofortified with micronutrients can be used as staple food or feed preventing from micronutrient malnutrition. The application of micronutrient biocomponents based on Spirulina biomass allows to manufacture a valuable fertilizer with bioavailable micronutrients.
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Seaweed extract by microwave assisted extraction as plant growth biostimulant

51%
Michalak I., Tuhy Ł., Chojnacka K.
Open Chemistry
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2015
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vol. 13
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issue 1
EN
Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) was used to obtain aqueous extracts of Baltic seaweeds. Three different temperatures: 25, 40, 60°C were examined. Algal extracts were characterized in terms of polyphenols, micro- and macroelements, lipids content and antibacterial properties. This is the first study that examines the effect of algal extract obtained by MAE in plant cultivation. The utilitarian properties were checked in the germination tests on Lepidium sativum for three dilutions of extract (0.5, 2.5 and 10%). Results showed that the content of polyphenols in extracts decreased with temperature, whereas the content of micro- and macroalements increased with temperature. The aqueous extracts did not contain fatty acids and did not show inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Germination tests showed that plants in the experimental groups with an optimal concentration of extract had a higher height, weight, chlorophyll and micro- and macroelement content than plants in the control group. The algal extracts did not significantly influence the morphology of plants as shown in SEM pictures. Results show that algal extracts obtained by MAE have the highest potential applied in agriculture as biostimulants.
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Biofortification of maize grains with micronutrients by enriched biomass of blackcurrant seeds

51%
Samoraj M., Tuhy Ł., Baśladyńska S., Chojnacka K.
Open Chemistry
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2015
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vol. 13
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issue 1
EN
Effect of the application of blackcurrant seed post-extraction residues (BS) enriched via biosorption with Zn(II), Mn(II) and Cu(II) was examined in field tests on maize. As a nominal dose (100%), 2.5 kg of zinc, 1 kg of manganese and 0.5 kg of copper per hectare, were applied. The preparation was applied, also, in higher doses (150%, 200%). Crop yield and quality were assessed and multielemental analysis of grains was conducted. Grain yield obtained for maize treated with different doses of micronutrients (7.3 and 7.2 Mg ha-1 for BS 100% and BS 200%, respectively) was higher than in control group (6.2 Mg ha-1) and similar to a commercial reference product (7.1 Mg ha-1). Bioavailability of micronutrients from BS was shown to be higher than from reference commercial fertilizer. The highest content of micronutrients delivered to plants was observed for groups fertilized with BS in nominal dose of micronutrients (1.79, 7.08 and 28.55 mg kg-1 for Cu, Mn and Zn, respectively). The content of each micronutrient was 5.6% (Cu) 12.1% (Mn) and 12.6% (Zn) higher than in untreated group and 8.9% (Cu) 9.7% (Mn) and 8.7% (Zn) higher than commercial reference micronutrient fertilizer. New biocomponents are cheap and biodegradable carriers of nutrients which can be released in controlled way.
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Production of phosphate biofertilizers from bones by phosphate-solubilizing bacteriaBacillus megaterium

51%
Wyciszkiewicz M., Saeid A., Chojnacka K., Górecki H.
Open Chemistry
|
2015
|
vol. 13
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issue 1
EN
In this paper, the production of phosphate biofertilizers from bones by phosphate-solubilizing bacteria Bacillus megaterium is presented. The biofertilizers used in this study contain phosphorus compounds that are in available form to plants as well as components of growth medium. The solubilization was performed under two conditions; with chlorides and with sulphates instead of chlorides. Three biofertilizer forms are proposed in relation to the doses of bones applied in the solubilization process (4, 10 or 20 g L-1). The solubilization degree varied according to the bacterial medium formulation and the bones doses. The replacement of chlorides with sulphates yielded a lower growth rate, and resulted, in a lower solubilization. The specific growth rate of the cells of B. megaterium in a sulphate medium was lower than compared with the specific growth rate of cell culture in a medium of chlorides of about 22.4, 39 and 14%, for 4, 10 and 20 g L-1 of bones concentration, respectively. In the stationary phase, the solubilization factor (SF) was higher (61.7%) for the solubilization process conducted in a medium with chlorides − Cbone 4 g L-1, compared with the solubilization process conducted in the medium of sulphates (52.7%).
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New feed supplement from macroalgae as the dietary source of microelements for pigs

51%
Michalak I., Chojnacka K., Korniewicz D.
Open Chemistry
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2015
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vol. 13
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issue 1
EN
The aim of the study was to perform feeding experiments on growing pigs in order to assess the impact of macroalga Enteromorpha sp. enriched with Zn(II) and Cu(II) ions via the biosorption process on the mineral composition of blood, meat, liver, feces and urine. In the control group, microelements were supplemented as inorganic salts, whereas in the experimental groups they were replaced by enriched macroalga. After 3 months of the feeding experiment, it was found that the meat was biofortified with Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn. The average content of Zn in the blood from the pigs fed with algae was higher by 9.5%, compared to that in the blood from pigs in the control group. The liver of growing pigs from the experimental group contained 16% less Cu and 18% less Zn than the liver in the control group. Growing pigs fed with macroalgae excreted in feces 27% more Zn than growing pigs in the control group, but 3.5 times less Cu. It could be concluded that the bioavailability of microelements to pigs from algae was higher than from the inorganic salts. Baltic macroalgae enriched with microelement ions could be potentially used as a biological feed additive.
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The effect of increase in concentration of Na(I) ions on biosorption of Cr(III) ions by Enteromorpha prolifera and Spirulina sp

51%
Michalak I., Saeid A., Chojnacka K.
Open Chemistry
|
2013
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vol. 11
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issue 2
313-319
EN
In this study, the effect of the increase in the initial concentration of Na(I) ions in the solution during biosorption of Cr(III) ions by two edible algae: marine macroalga - Enteromorpha prolifera and microalga - Spirulina sp. was investigated. During biosorption, essential elements are exchanged with alkali and alkaline earth metal ions (e.g. Na(I) ions), which are naturally bound with the biomass. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of the increase in concentration of Na(I) ions on biosorption performance. The equilibrium of the process is described by Langmuir equation. It was found that with the increase in the initial concentration of NaCl (from 132 to 7331 mg L−1), there was a lower biosorption capacity of Enteromorpha prolifera (from 85.8 to 51.0 mg g−1) and Spirulina sp. (74.2 to 20.7 mg g−1) towards Cr(III) ions. It was also possible to determine the number of times the solution used in the biosorption process can be recycled and yet mantain high biosorption capacity. The determined numbers were: 16 for Enteromorpha prolifera and 19 for Spirulina sp. [...]
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Prospects of geothermal water Use in cultivation of Spirulina

45%
Godlewska K., Tomaszewska B., Michalak I., Bujakowski W., Chojnacka K.
Open Chemistry
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2015
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vol. 13
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issue 1
EN
Spirulina has been studied due to its commercial importance as a source of essential amino acids, protein, vitamins, fatty acids etc. Most of the culture systems in use today are open ponds. The new approach proposed in this paper is to use the geothermal water as a medium for microalgae cultivation. Poland has beneficial conditions for wide geothermal use, as one of the environmentally friendly and sustainable renewable energy sources. In the planned research, geothermal water could be used to prepare microalgal culture medium, to heat greenhouses with bioreactors used for the growth of Spirulina, to dry the obtained biomass, as well as to heat the ground in foil tunnels. Using geothermal water gives the possibility to produce algae in open ponds covered with greenhouses and to cultivate plants during winter. The obtained algae can be used for the production of algal bio-products (e.g. homogenates), having the potential application in plant cultivation.
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Modelling and optimization of chromiumIII biosorption on soybean meal

45%
Witek-Krowiak A., Podstawczyk D., Chojnacka K., Dawiec A., Marycz K.
Open Chemistry
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2013
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vol. 11
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issue 9
1505-1517
EN
Abstract In this investigation a waste biological material, soybean meal, was applied as a biosorbent for heavy metal ions (CrIII). The diffusive Webber-Morris model and the pseudo-II-order model suitably described the kinetics of CrIII ions binding on soybean meal. The Langmuir-Freundlich equation was valid for the description of the isotherm. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), FTIR and scanning electron microscopy with an energy dispersive X-ray analytical system (SEM-EDX) were used in order to identify the mechanism of the metal ions binding. The analysis of the composition of the enriched soybean meal confirmed the contribution of ion exchange in the biosorption process. Three-variable-three-level Box-Behnken design was used to determine the optimal conditions for biosorption of CrIII on soybean meal. The optimal conditions for predicted maximum Cr3+ uptake (61.07 mg g−1) by soybean meal were estimated by Matlab and established as temperature of 38.04°C, initial metal concentration 500 mg L−1 and biosorbent dosage 1 g L−1. Graphical abstract [...]
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Involvement of central histaminergic system in cardiovascular effects of Y1 receptor antagonist BIBP 3226 in haemorrhagic shock in rats

45%
Krawiec A., Jasikowska K., Chojnacka K., Mitera A., Jochem J.
Annales Academiae Medicae Silesiensis
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2017
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vol. 71
357-362
EN
INTRODUCTION: Activation of the central histaminergic system leads to the reversal of experimental haemorrhagic shock, whereas neuropeptide Y (NPY) administered intracerebroventricularly (icv) induces a depressor effect in haemorrhagic hypotension. Since histaminergic neurons of the tuberomammillary nucleus receive input from neurons producing NPY localized in the caudal magnocellular nucleus of the hypothalamus, the aim of the study was to examine (1) the cardiovascular effects of the NPY type 1 (Y1) receptor antagonist in haemorrhagic shock and (2) the possible involvement of the histaminergic system in this action. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Experiments were performed in ketamine/xylazine-anaesthetised male Wistar rats subjected to irreversible haemorrhagic hypotension, with mean arterial pressure (MAP) 20–25 mmHg and 0% survival at 2 h. Immediately after terminating bleeding, the animals were pre-treated icv with histamine H1 and H2 receptor antagonists chlorpheniramine (50 nmol) and ranitidine (50 nmol) as well as the H3/4 receptor antagonist/inverse agonist thioperamide (50 nmol), respectively, or saline. Five minutes later, the rats were injected icv with the Y1 receptor antagonist BIBP 3226 (64 nmol/kg). RESULTS: BIBP 3226 evoked rises in MAP, pulse pressure and renal blood flow (RBF) with an increase in survival to 100% at 2 h. Chlorpheniramine inhibited cardiovascular changes evoked by BIBP 3226 and decreased to 0% survival at 2 h. In contrast, ranitidine and thioperamide had no effect. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate for the first time (1) the pressor effect resulting from the blockage of central Y1 receptors in haemorrhage-shocked rats and (2) the involvement of the histaminergic system in this action.
PL
WSTĘP: Pobudzenie ośrodkowego układu histaminergicznego wywołuje działanie resuscytacyjne w modelu wstrząsu krwotocznego, podczas gdy neuropeptyd Y (NPY) podawany do komory bocznej mózgu (icv) powoduje efekt depresyjny w stanie hipotensji krwotocznej. Mając na uwadze, iż na neurony histaminergiczne jądra guzowo-suteczko-watego mają wpływ neurony wytwarzające NPY zlokalizowane w jądrze olbrzymiokomórkowym tylnym podwzgórza, celem pracy było zbadanie (1) efektów krążeniowych antagonisty receptorów typu 1 dla NPY (Y1) we wstrząsie krwotocznym oraz (2) możliwego udziału układu histaminergicznego w tych efektach. MATERIAŁ I METODY: Badania przeprowadzono u szczurów samców szczepu Wistar w znieczuleniu ogólnym przy użyciu ketaminy i ksylazyny, u których wywoływano nieodwracalny wstrząs krwotoczny ze średnim ciśnieniem tętniczym (MAP) 20–25 mmHg oraz wskaźnikiem przeżycia 2 h 0%. Niezwłocznie po indukcji wstrząsu dokonywano pre-medykacji icv antagonistami receptorów histaminowych H1 i H2 chlorfenyraminą (50 nmol) i ranitydyną (50 nmol), antagonistą/odwrotnym agonistą receptorów H3/4 tioperamidem bądź 0,9% roztworem NaCl. Po pięciu minutach zwierzętom podawano icv antagonistę receptorów Y1 BIBP 3226 (64 nmol/kg). WYNIKI: BIBP 3226 wywoływał wzrosty MAP, ciśnienia tętna (PP) oraz nerkowego przepływu krwi (RBF), powodował także wzrost do 100% wskaźnika przeżycia 2 h. Chlorfenyramina hamowała zmiany MAP, PP i RBF wywoływane przez BIBP 3226 oraz zmniejszała do 0% wskaźnik przeżycia 2 h. W odróżnieniu do tego ranitydyna i tioperamid nie wykazywały wpływu na działanie BIBP 3226. WNIOSKI: Zablokowanie ośrodkowych receptorów Y1 wywołuje efekt presyjny u szczurów we wstrząsie krwotocznym. Działanie to odbywa się przy udziale układu histaminergicznego.
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Histamina w serach – potencjalne zagrożenie?

45%
Chojnacka K., Jasikowska K., Rybus-Kalinowska B., Jochem J., Grochowska-Niedworok E.
Annales Academiae Medicae Silesiensis
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2016
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vol. 70
298-303
EN
Cheeses are complex products with high content of fat, protein and other inorganic compounds. It is a food product, which may differ because of their origin, the manufacturing conditions, the microbiological flora and enzymatic activity. All these parameters can affect the efficiency analysis, which in turn may constitute an impediment to the determination of the cheese histamine concentration. The main factors influencing the formation of biogenic amines, including histamine, are: bacteria presence (LAB), starter cultures, the availability of free amino acids, a cheese puberty, a proteolytic activity, pH, temperature and the concentration of NaCl. The comparison of the relationship between the negative effects and the content of amines in food showed no dependency. It can be assumed that the histamine content higher than 100 mg/kg in food products is not recommended. Thanks to strict technological regimes – during food production – the frequency of a histamine food poisoning (resulting from bacterial contamination) is sporadic.
PL
Sery należą do produktów o wysokiej zawartości tłuszczu, białka i innych związków nieorganicznych. Są wyrobem spożywczym, który może różnić się jednostkowo w zależności od swojego pochodzenia, warunków wytwarzania, flory mikrobiologicznej i aktywności enzymatycznej. Wszystkie te parametry mogą oddziaływać na skuteczność analityczną, w konsekwencji stanowiąc utrudnienie w oznaczaniu stężenia histaminy w serach. Do głównych czynników wpływających na powstawanie w produktach spożywczych amin biogennych, w tym histaminy, należą: obecność bakterii (LAB), kultury starterowe, dostępność wolnych aminokwasów, okres dojrzewania sera, aktywność proteolityczna, pH, temperatura i stężenie NaCl. Nie wykazano korelacji pomiędzy niekorzystnymi skutkami a zawartością amin w żywności. Można przypuszczać, że stężenie histaminy powyżej 100 mg/kg w produktach spożywczych nie jest zalecane. Dzięki ścisłym reżimom technologicznym podczas produkcji żywności częstość zatruć pokarmowych histaminą, wynikających z zanieczyszczeń bakteryjnych, jest sporadyczna.
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Production of calcium preparations by technology of saltwater fish by product processing

39%
Bubel F., Dobrzański Z., Bykowski P. J., Chojnacka K., Opaliński S., Trziszka T.
Open Chemistry
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2015
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vol. 13
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issue 1
EN
The paper presents the technology of processing Baltic cod (Gadus morhua callarias) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) backbones – by-products from fish processing – for the production of calcium preparations. The raw material for the process consisted of backbones with remaining muscle tissue, devoid of heads and fins (30 kg of each type of backbones). The processing included the following stages: cutting, preliminary processing in an alkaline environment (soaking in 2 M NaOH), processing with 0.1% citric acid, aroma removal and material disinfection (5% H2O2), rinsing with tap water, drying, and grinding the end-product. Calcium preparations from cod (BCP) and salmon (ASP) in the amounts of 1.20 kg and 1.62 kg, respectively, characterized by high calcium content (27.79% in BCP, and 24.92% in ASP) and low protein and fat content (14.20% and 0.25% for BCP, and 10.78% and 0.12% for ASP, respectively) were obtained. The study demonstrated the effectiveness of this technology for production of calcium preparations from fish backbones.
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Infl uence of chronically-administered amitriptyline on cardiovascular reactivity in rats

39%
Jochem J., Walas K., Chojnacka K., Mitera A., Krawiec A., Stasiak A., Kasperska-Zając A.
Annales Academiae Medicae Silesiensis
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2012
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vol. 66
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issue 5
28-33
EN
INTRODUCTION Amitriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant used in the treatment of many psychiatric, neurological and gastrointestinal diseases, aff ects cardiovascular system functions. The aim of the present study was to examine the infl uence of chronically administered amitriptyline on cardiovascular responsiveness to a histamine vasodilatatory stimulus. MATERIAL AND METHODS The studies were carried out on male Wistar rats pre-treated with amitriptyline (2.7 and 5.4 mg/kg, subcutaneously for 7 days). RESULTS Histamine (5.0 and 10.0 μg/kg) administered intravenously in a bolus injection evoked dose-dependent decreases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure as well as in renal (RBF) and skeletal muscle microcirculatory fl ow (SMMF), with no signifi cant changes in heart rate (HR) in the control, saline pre-treated group. Amitriptyline prevented histamine-evoked decreases in blood pressure (2.7 and 5.4 mg/kg) and produced increases in RBF and SMMF (5.4 mg/kg), but did not infl uence HR dynamics. CONCLUSION We demonstrate for the fi rst time that chronically administered amitriptyline to rats infl uences the cardiovascular responsiveness to histamine with an eff ect on peripheral perfusion.
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WSTĘP Amitryptylina to trójpierścieniowy lek przeciwdepresyjny stosowany w leczeniu wielu schorzeń psychicznych, neurologicznych oraz przewodu pokarmowego, wpływający także na czynność układu krążenia. Celem pracy było zbadanie wpływu przewlekle stosowanej amitryptyliny na reaktywność układu krążenia na działanie bodźca hipotensyjnego – histaminy. MATERIAŁ I METODY Badania przeprowadzono na samcach szczurów szczepu Wistar, którym podawano amitryptylinę (2,7 i 5,4 mg/kg) podskórnie przez 7 dni. WYNIKI Histamina (5,0 i 10,0 μg/kg) podawana dożylnie (bolus) w grupie kontrolnej wywoływała zależne od dawki spadki ciśnienia tętniczego skurczowego i rozkurczowego oraz przepływu w tętnicy nerkowej (RBF) i w mikrokrążeniu mięśnia szkieletowego (SMMF), nie wpływając na częstość rytmu serca (HR). Amitryptylina zapobiegała wywoływanym przez histaminę spadkom ciśnienia tętniczego krwi (2,7 i 5,4 mg/kg), powodowała wzrost RBF i SMMF (5,4 mg/kg), nie wpływając na HR. WNIOSEK Przewlekle stosowana amitryptylina wpływa na reaktywność układu krążenia i przepływy obwodowe w odpowiedzi na dożylne podanie histaminy u szczurów.
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