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EN
Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to study oxidation effects of nitric acid on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite surface. This treatment was performed at different temperatures and etching times with the aim of realizing local binding sites on the surface without creating deep defects. Then these three technics were found in good agreement to characterize the weakly oxidized surface. A wavy structure different from pure graphite at atomic scale was imaged by scanning tunneling microscopy. This modification was correlated to the presence of carboxylic groups on the surface revealed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Both spectroscopies of scanning tunneling and X-ray photoelectron demonstrated the vanishing of π bands characteristic from sp^{2} graphitic hybridization. This was attributed to dehybridization corresponding to new bondings of the graphite carbons in the carboxylic groups.
EN
Scanning tunneling microscopy in liquid environment has gained an increased interest in recent years. The specific features of the in situ observation of surface structures at the solid/liquid interface are first presented. Next, a high resolution imaging of high oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) graphite surface shows the potentiality of our home-made microscope. The last study, performed on technological InP. substrates, illustrates the extensive applications of in situ imaging in the fields of semiconductor technology.
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