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Physical activity of the adult population of Wroclaw

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Ignasiak Z., Sławińska T., Krynicka-Pieleszek I., Domaradzki J.
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2009
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vol. 17
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issue 2
33-37
PL
Aktywność fizyczna jest jednym z czynników wpływających na zdrowie i jakość życia. W pracy analizowano aktywność fizyczną dorosłej populacji Wrocławia: 299 kobiet i 206 mężczyzn w wieku 25-64 lat. Oceniano ją kwestionariuszem SDPAR. Wykazano, że odsetek kobiet i mężczyzn deklarujących aktywny tryb życia w czasie wolnym wynosi nieco powyżej 63%. Najwięcej osób podejmuje trening zdrowotny 2-3 razy w tygodniu. Najczęściej podawanymi przez respondentów przyczynami hipokinezji są brak wolnego czasu oraz zły stan zdrowia. Wśród osób nieaktywnych około 20% nie widzi potrzeby realizowania treningu zdrowotnego, co jest zjawiskiem niepokojącym.
EN
Physical activity is one of the factors affecting health and the quality of life. This study analyzed physical activity of a sample of the adult population of Wroclaw: 299 women and 206 men aged 25-64 years. Physical activity was assessed by means of SDPAR questionnaire (Seven-Day Physical Activity Recall). Thefindings showed that 63% of the examined population declared physical activity in leisure time. Majority of the population practice physical activity 2-3 times a week. The most frequent causes of hypokinesia reported by the respondents were lack of free time and bad health condition. Among the inactive respondents, around 20% sees no need for physical activity, which is an alarming trend.
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The Relationship Between Physical Fitness and Quality of Life in Adults and the Elderly

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Sławińska T., Posłuszny P., Rożek K.
Human Movement
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2013
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vol. 14
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issue 3
200-204
EN
Purpose. The aim of this study was to determine the relationships between physical fitness and various aspects of quality of life in middle-aged adults and the elderly. Methods. The sample included 216 women and 43 men, living in a medium-sized city in Poland aged 50-84 years. Physical fitness was determined using a test battery specifically designed for the elderly (Senior Fitness Test); grip strength by the dominate hand was also measured. The short form of the WHOQOL-BR EF questionnaire was used to evaluate quality of life. Four domains (physical, psychological, social relationships, environment) of quality of life as well as overall quality of life and health were self-assessed. Results. Among the selected components of physical fitness measured in the study, the assessment of overall quality of life in women was related to upper limb strength and, depending on the quality of life domain, also with upper or lower body flexibility. In men, the only factor influencing their overall assessment was upper body flexibility, whereas cardiorespiratory efficiency was the only factor influencing their detailed self-assessment of the physical health domain. Additionally, the self-assessment of general health in men was significantly positively correlated with cardiopulmonary efficiency. In women, the general health assessment was correlated with upper limb strength and upper body flexibility. Conclusions. It was concluded that after the fifth decade of life, physical fitness plays a greater role in improving the self-assessment of quality of life in women than men. Physical activity undertaken by middle-aged and elderly adults should focus on first improving cardiorespiratory efficiency and then strength and flexibility.
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Assessment of Physical Activity by Pedometer in Polish Preschool Children

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Czajka K., Sławińska T., Kołodziej M., Kochan K.
Human Movement
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2015
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vol. 16
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issue 1
15-19
EN
Purpose. The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the physical activity patterns of preschoolers aged 6-7 years. Methods. A sample of 221 preschool children (116 boys and 105 girls) aged 6 (5.92 ± 0.30) and 7 (6.91 ± 0.25) years was recruited. Physical activity was assessed over 7 consecutive days by using pedometers to determine step counts (steps/day). Accrued anthropometric data included height, mass, and BMI. Data were compared with ANOVA to determine any significant differences between age and sex groups and the part of the week (weekday/weekend); intergroup differences were evaluated with Fisher's LSD test. A < 0.05 level of significance was adopted for all statistical tests. Results. No significant differences were found between the age groups (6- and 7-year olds). Physical activity over the 7-day period was significantly greater in the boys (13318 ± 2354 steps/day) than girls (12300 ± 2750 steps/day). Mean weekday step counts were greater among boys (13800 ± 2458 steps/day) than girls (12587 ± 2802 steps/day); this difference was statistically significant. Mean weekend steps were 12112 ± 3467 and 11579 ± 3930 steps/ day for the boys and girls, respectively. Mean weekday steps were significantly greater (p < 0.001) than mean weekend steps in both groups. The recommendation of 12000 steps/day was met by 60.6% of the sample (69.0% boys, 51.4% girls). Conclusions. Sex differences in physical activity patterns were observed in the sample of preschool children. Boys, compared with girls, were characterized with a higher physical activity level on both weekdays and weekend days. Physical activity for both sexes was lower on weekend days than weekdays. The results indicate the need for improved health literacy among parents on current recommended physical activity guidelines and the suitability of a pedometer-based assessment method.
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Ocena dyskryminacyjnej roli wykształcenia matki i dzietności rodzin w kształtowaniu wysokości ciała dzieci z Zagłębia Miedziowego

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Fugiel J., Sławińska T., Ignasiak Z.
Medycyna Środowiskowa - Environmental Medicine
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2012
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vol. 15
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issue 1
32-38
EN
Introduction. Growth of the children influence several environmental factors, including urban development level of the place of residence, parents” education and number of children in family. Many survey results reveal that body height is a sensitive measure of environmental interaction and physical growth in a period of progressive growth. The aim of the research was to determine if mother’s education and number of children in family are among the factors which modify the body height in ecologically endangered environment, urban and rural. Material and methods. 2599 boys and girls aged 7– 15 were examined. Children represented primary and secondary schools in Polkowice and rural region schools near Legnica and Głogów. Surveys were performed in the years 2007 and 2008. Every subject was examined for body height and data from questionnaire provided information on mother’s education and number of children in family. Results. Reportedly, it was noticed, that groups of boys and girls are different in body height which depend on level of urbanization of living environment and socio-economic standards. Conclusions. Collected results reveal that such factors as mother’s education and number of children in the family make differences in body height of young generation and they occur in both environments – urban and rural – with different intensity.
PL
Wstęp. Na przebieg rozwoju fizycznego dzieci wpływa zespół czynników środowiskowych, w tym stopień urbanizacji miejsca zamieszkania, wykształcenie rodziców, dzietność rodzin. Z licznych badań wynika, że czułym miernikiem oddziaływań środowiskowych na rozwój fizyczny w okresie progresywnego rozwoju jest wysokość ciała. Celem pracy było ustalenie, czy wykształcenie matki i dzietność rodzin należą nadal do czynników modyfikujących wysokość ciała dzieci w środowisku ekologicznie zagrożonym, miejskim i wiejskim. Materiał i metody. Zbadano 2599 chłopców i dziewcząt w wieku od 7 do 15 lat. Dzieci uczęszczały do szkół podstawowych i gimnazjów w Polkowicach oraz wiejskich szkół okolic Legnicy i Głogowa. Badania zostały przeprowadzone w 2007 i 2008 roku. U każdej osoby przeprowadzono pomiary wysokości ciała, a za pomocą ankiety uzyskano dane dotyczące warunków socjalno-bytowych – wykształcenia matki i liczby dzieci w rodzinie. Wyniki. Na podstawie przeprowadzonej analizy stwierdzono, że pomiędzy wydzielonymi grupami chłopców i dziewcząt występują różnice w wysokości ciała zależne od stopnia zurbanizowania środowiska bytowego, jak również w zależności od warunków społeczno- ekonomicznych. Wnioski. Zgromadzone wyniki pozwalają stwierdzić, że nadal takie czynniki jak wykształcenie matki i dzietność rodziny przyczyniają się do zróżnicowania wysokości ciała młodego pokolenia i że działają one w obu środowiskach – miejskim i wiejskim – z różnym nasileniem.
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Somatic and functional status of boys from various social and environmental categories

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Domaradzki J., Ignasiak Z., Sławińska T.
Biomedical Human Kinetics
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2009
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vol. 1
56-59
EN
Study aim: To assess the somatic and fitness status of adolescent boys from polluted industrial areas.Material and methods: A group of 313 boys aged 11 - 15 years from 5 villages located in the copper mine area in South-Western Poland were classified by the degree of lead and cadmium pollution (high - very high) and by parents' education (primary - secondary or higher). Somatic (body height and mass, BMI, body fat content) and functional (handgrip strength, standing broad jump, sit-and-reach, plate tapping, 1-kg medicinal ball throw, reaction time) were recorded. The data were standardised against age-specific means and standard deviations and subjected to two-way ANOVA.Results: Boys from more polluted area had significantly (p<0.01) higher BMI than those from the less polluted one but only when their parents had primary education. Explosive strength was significantly higher in the less polluted area (p<0.05) and when parents had higher than primary education (p<0.01). In case of reaction speed only the degree of environmental pollution had significant effect (p<0.05), no significant effects being noted for other variablesConclusions: The results pointed to the importance of parents' education in shaping health-directed behaviours, which may compensate for the negative impact of a degraded environment.
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Growth, Maturity and Functional Characteristics of Female Athletes 11 - 15 Years of Age

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Malina R., Ignasiak Z., Rożek K., Sławińska T., Domaradzki J., Fugiel J., Kochan K.
Human Movement
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2011
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vol. 12
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issue 1
31-40
EN
Objective. To evaluate the growth, maturity and functional characteristics of female sport school participants 11 - 15 years of age. Material and methods. The sample included 200 girls aged from 10.55 to 15.42 years. The majority (173) trained in track and field. Height, weight, three skinfolds and % Fat (NIR) were measured. Grip strength, standing long jump, 2 kg medicine ball throw and 20 m sprint were tested. Athletes were compared by menarcheal status and track and field discipline with MANCOVA. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to estimate the relative contributions of age, height, weight and adiposity to the four functional indicators in two age groups, 11 - 13 years and 14 - 15 years. Results. Median age at menarche was 12.99 ± 1.11 years. None of the functional tests differed between pre- and post-menarcheal athletes 13 years, while only grip strength differed between late and early maturing athletes 14 - 15 years. Height, weight and % Fat, but no performance items differed among track and field athletes by discipline. Team and individual sport athletes were heavier, fatter and stronger than track and field athletes but the latter performed better in the sprint and jump. Height, weight and adiposity accounted for significant portions of variation in the four functional indicators in each age group. Conclusions. Trends in body size of female athletes attending sport schools were generally consistent with observations for female athletes in several sports. Percentages of variance explained in functional indicators were greater in athletes 11 - 13 than 14 - 15 years of age.
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Growth and Functional Characteristics of Male Athletes 11-15 Years of Age

76%
Malina R., Rożek K., Ignasiak Z., Sławińska T., Fugiel J., Kochan K., Domaradzki J.
Human Movement
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2011
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vol. 12
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issue 2
180-187
EN
Purpose. To evaluate the growth and functional characteristics of male athletes 11-15 years of age. Basic procedures. The sample included 190 boys, 10.5-15.4 years, undergoing training of sport schools for track and field (136) and other sports (54). Height, weight, three skinfolds and % Fat (NIR) were measured. Grip strength, standing long jump, 2 kg medicine ball throw and 20 m sprint were tested. Track and field athletes were compared by discipline and to athletes in other sports using MANCOVA (multivariate analysis of covariance). Multiple linear regression analysis was used to estimate the relative contributions of age, body size and adiposity to the four functional indicators in two age groups, those 11-13 years and 14-15 years. Main findings. All variables except the standing long jump and 20 m sprint differed significantly by track and field discipline. Only height and ball throw differed among athletes in other sports. Track and field athletes had a significantly lower BMI and % Fat and performed better in the jump and sprint than athletes in other sports. Variance explained in each of the functional indicators was greater in younger than in older athletes. The sum of skinfolds and % Fat exerted a negative influence on all functional indicators. Conclusions. Trends in body size of male athletes attending sport schools were consistent with observations for youth male athletes in several sports. Height, weight and adiposity accounted for significant portions of variation in the four functional indicators in each age group, but the explained variance was higher in younger athletes.
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