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Electric Muscle Activity During Manual Muscle Testing of the Shoulder

100%
Mikołajczyk K., Wiszomirska I.
Advances in Rehabilitation
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2013
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vol. 27
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issue 1
25-32
EN
Introduction: This is a research study, supported by a literature review, which gave the principles of anatomy, biomechanics, physiological and patological conditions of shoulder functioning. Correct muscle activity is essential for proper functioning of the shoulder. Electromyography is a method which enables to record and analize the signs of muscle activity. This tool is useful for veryfing the manual muscle tests, typically used for clinical examination of the shoulder. The aim of this study was to investigate electric activation of 8 shoulder muscles while manual testing the resistive external rotation in scapulohumeral joint. Material and methods: Fourteen healthy subjects (n=14) were manually tested for isometric resistance. Three tests were used, each with different level of abduction, respectively: the m. infraspinatus test (1): 0 degrees, non-specific biceps brachii tendon test (2): 45 degrees, resistive test for external rotation in the position of maximal internal rotation (3): 90 degrees. The superficial electromyography device used in the study was Noraxon: TeleMyo System 2400T, with MyoResearch XP software. It collected data about the muscle electric activity during all the tests. Statistic data mining was made using Statistica programme. Peak amplitude values were collected and comparison of three tests was made. Results: High supraspinatus activation could be observed together with high coactivation of other shoulder muscles. Also, inter-individual dispersion of muscle activation values was high. Conclusions: Surface electromyography alone appeared to be insufficient method for assesing manual muscle tests, although it may give suggestions for testing and therapeutic exercises. Results of electromyography need to be confirmed by conducting large group studies, and large scatter of muscle activation values has to be taken account.
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The level of efficiency of adult women in premature based on analysis of power input and power regulation stress test

81%
Magiera A., Jagodziński A., Kaczmarczyk K., Wiszomirska I.
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2020
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vol. 30
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issue 1
5-10
EN
Introduction Despite of sustainable living and increasing the knowledge of the future mothers, the number of preterm births have been at the same level through last years. In Poland it is stands at around 7%, comparable with other countries from European Union. The aim was to investigate the influence of prematurity on input power and regulation power during stress test in adult women. Achieved power depends on the level of physical efficiency and it is converted for specific VO2max values. Material and methods 11 women born prematurely at age of 25-30 years (28,2± 2,3) did stress test according to W150 protocol. The control group consisted of 15 women born on time (27-32, 28,5±2,4). The statistical analysis included t-Student and Shapiro-Wilk tests. Index height/regulation power and BMI/ regulation power have been subjected to correlations. Results There is statistical significant difference between input and regulation power in women born prematurely and the control group. Women from control group had significantly higher input and regulation power than women born premature. Moreover, there is propor-tionality between input and regulation power in two groups. Conclusions 1. Prematurity influences the amount of power generated in women aged 25-30 negatively – women born prematurely are evidently less physically efficient than women born on time. 2. There is a connection between input and regulation power in both groups. Higher amounts of input power indicates higher amounts of regulation power. 3. There is no relationship between BMI and amounts of power in stress test.
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Physical capacity in elderly women

81%
Magiera A., Kaczmarczyk K., Wiszomirska I., Olszewska E.
Advances in Rehabilitation
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2012
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vol. 26
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issue 2
29-36
EN
Introduction: Physical fitness has a direct impact on daily motor function. The level of fitness generally increases with age to reach a maximal level for a given individual at around 20-30 years of age, after which it begins to gradually decrease - with the pace of the decrease depending on the type of physical activity engaged in. At every age, physical fitness can be improved by the right physical training. One factor that frequently limits participation in various types of physical activity is insufficient free time. Older individuals frequently have more free time, yet do not spend it in an active way. At the same time, elderly individuals are becoming an increasingly sizeable group within society. That means that soon a large share of Poland's population will consist of individuals with low motor fitness. To mitigate this, organizations are being formed where older individuals can participate in motor-exercise classes. This type of activity can have a positive impact on the condition of older individuals, who represent an ever-larger part of society. It is thus possible to boost the physical fitness of the elderly, and doing so is very important for this population segment's health. The objective of this study is to identify the level of physical fitness of elderly individuals who participate in the Third Age University at the Academy of Physical Education in Warsaw, and to trace the evolution of their physical fitness after 3 months of motor-exercise classes. Materials and methods: The physical fitness of 31 women was tested. All were female participants in the Third Age University at the Academy of Physical Education in Warsaw. The mean age of the subjects was 65.3 years (SD 4.42), with mean body mass 66.4 kg (SD 7,44) and mean height 157.7cm (SD 5,11). Their body mass index (BMI) ranged between 21.5 and 31.7, with the mean value being 26.5. The test was conducted twice, after an interval of 3 months. The objective was to identify an exercise regime that would cause a given individual's heart rate to increase to 130 bpm. Results: The individuals studied showed a low level of physical fitness. A 3 month period was sufficient to effect an improvement in the physical fitness of elderly individuals Conclusions: 1. Physical capacity subjects is low. 2. Using regular physical activity adapted specifically for the needs of older people can improve physical performance in elderly people. 3. A period of three months is sufficient to improve physical performance in the elderly.
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Analiza Parametrów Czasowo-Przestrzennych Chodu Osób Starszych w Aspekcie Treningu / Elders’ Gait Analysis Using Spatiotemporal Parameters in Aspects of Training

81%
Marciniak T., Wiszomirska I., Kaczmarczyk K., Kozdroń E.
Advances in Rehabilitation
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2011
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vol. 25
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issue 2
19-25
EN
Introduction. The involutive changes of humans’ gait are multifactoral and they have negative influence on its quality. Among other symptoms, decrease in muscle strength and range of motion are the most frequently mentioned. These factors have an impact on some spatiotemporal gait parameters, such as decrease in gait velocity and step length and increase in step width. Study Aim. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of two different forms of training on spatiotemporal parameters of elders’ gait. Material. Fifty-nine participants joined the project. Medical examination and stress test were conducted to exclude any health contraindications. Participants were divided into two groups: versatile training (TW), and training in low positions (TN). Fourteen participants in each group finished the research protocol. Method. FDM Zebris platform was used to register the spatiotemporal parameters of subjects’ gait. Their task was to walk through it with their natural velocity three times. The training protocol took 12 weeks, twice a week meetings lasting 45 minutes. The main difference between the training groups was that the exercises of locomotion and in high positions were excluded in the TN group. Statistical analysis was conducted with Statistica software. Results. As a result of TW group, six parameters changed statistically significantly. step length of the right lower extremity step length of the right lower extremity (as a % of leg lenght) and step time of the left and right lower extremity, stride time and cadence. The other parameters showed different tendencies, but their changes cannot be assigned to the training protocol. TN subjects did not show any significant changes in the parameters considered. Conclusions. Changes of gaits’ quality are multifactor therefore they require future investigation. They need to be identified in order to be modified in the course of training or therapy. The exercise selection should include structurally similar tasks to the ones’ they desire to develop.
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Wartość diagnostyczna testu Cramptona (próba ortostatyczna) u osób w podeszłym wieku / The diagnostic value of the Crampton test (the orthostatic test) in the ederly individuals

81%
Magiera A., Kaczmarczyk K., Wiszomirska I.
Advances in Rehabilitation
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2011
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vol. 25
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issue 3
29-33
EN
Introduction: The aging process, characterized by physiological changes which compromise various organs and systems, is not the only factor leading to a decline in physical efficiency - biologically unjustified reductions in physical activities are also observed in the elderly. Various psychological, sociological and other factors may determine elderly individuals’ susceptibility to limitations in their everyday physical activities. Diagnostics of the circulation system in terms of physical efficiency and tolerance of effort are therefore more difficult in the elderly than for young individuals. Objectives: To assess the orthostatic reaction of the circulation system in elderly individuals by means of the Crampton test and to obseive changes in the coefficient values after 4 months of intensive physical activity. Material and method: Forty-four students of the University of the Third Age in Warsaw participated in the study. Their average age was 64.2 years, weight 66.5 kg and height 158.5 cm. Their heart rate and blood pressure were re-corded after 10 minutes in recumbent position and 2 minutes after taking standing positions. Results: High values in the Crampton test indicate good and very good orthostatic efficiency of the circulation system. However, these results were not found to correlate with effort ability. We conclude that the Crampton test is of low diagnostic value in the tolerance of effort prediction in the elderly.
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Lower limb laterality versus foot structure in men and women

71%
Ilnicka L., Trzaskoma Z., Wiszomirska I., Wit A., Wychowański M.
Biomedical Human Kinetics
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2013
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vol. 5
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issue 1
28-42
EN
Study aim: The aim of the study was to determine connections between the functional asymmetry of limbs and the morphological asymmetry of feet. Material and methods: The study population consisted of 56 students: 30 females (mean age 20.29 ± 0.59 years) and 26 males (mean age 20.41 ± 0.78 years). The measurements of body build were taken with classical instruments. Body build was assessed on the basis of body height, body mass, and BMI. Seven features of the foot and 8 indices of foot arches were assessed. Assessment of laterality in upper and lower limbs was conducted on the basis of data from repeated interviews, and then verified with simple motor tests that imitated characteristic functions of the limbs. Asymmetry indices were calculated in order to determine asymmetries of the features. Mollison’s index was applied to assess dimorphic differences. Results: Features that were statistically different in the foot of the dominant limb and in the foot of the non-dominant limb were: among the group of females, the foot length without hindfoot, and the Clarke’s angle; among the group of males - the foot length without toes. Analyses of results of this study do not allow for a claim that laterality of lower extremities has a considerable impact on indices of longitudinal and transverse foot arches. Conclusions: The following conclusions were formulated on the basis of the conducted analysis regarding the group of subjects with homogeneous right laterality: - in females, the dominant limb’s foot is characterized by a shorter bone arm lever for dorsiflexors; - in males, the dominant limb’s foot is characterized by a shorter bone arm lever for plantaflexors.
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Evaluation of static and dynamic postural stability in young, elderly and with vision loss women

61%
Wiszomirska I., Kaczmarczyk K., Zdrodowska A., Błażkiewicz M., Ilnicka L., Marciniak T.
Advances in Rehabilitation
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2013
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vol. 27
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issue 3
29-35
EN
Introduction: Balance difficulties are one of the factors that have a negative impact on the daily activity of elderly people, which in turn lowers their quality of life. Aim: evaluation of the differences in static and dynamic postural stability in young, elderly and with vision loss women. Material and methods: Eighty-three female volunteers were divided into three groups: 26 young women (20,2 ± 1,75), 26 elderly (68,7 ± 7,55) and 15 pupils with vision loss (19,2±1,78). The following parameters were analysed from Accusway and BBS platforms. Results: A comparison of results with visual inspection between a group of young and elderly women showed statistically significant differences in terms of stabilogram ellipse area and maximal postural s way in ML direction. These two groups differ significantly in all parameters from BBS platform. The greatest differences are observed on a dynamic ground (p<0,001). Women with visual loss achieved the best results of path COP with eyes closed (37,01±6,73), the worst results were observed in a group of elderly women (49,59±21,04). They also did not perform any tasks on a dynamic ground without visual inspection. Women with visual loss achieved significantly worse results than young group. Conclusions: Greater balance control system involvement is observed in dynamic tests, which seem to be more appropriate and can detect disturbances earlier than static tests. Tests with changeable stability of the platform and without visual inspection that differentiate the groups seem to be particularly useful.
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Physical fitness women over 60 years of age participating in the activities of the University of the Third Age

61%
Zdrodowska A., Wiszomirska I., Niemierzycka A., Czajkowska A., Magiera A., Słoń M.
Advances in Rehabilitation
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2012
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vol. 26
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issue 3
19-25
EN
Introduction: Morphological and functional changes in cells, tissues and organs causing characteristic for old age reduction of the efficiency of all organs, and therefore decrease in the level of physical fitness. To determine its level, to find areas of weakness and select optimal physical activity programs that will improve the quality of life and health of older people it is necessary to multi-dimensional assess the level of physical fitness. The aim of this study is to evaluate the fitness level of students of the University of the Third Age in Warsaw Almamer with Fullerton Functional Fitness Test in relation to American standards. Material and methods: The study was conducted on a 40-person group of students of the University of Third Age Almamer in Warsaw, at the age of 60-70 years. Mobility assessment was based on a comparison of results obtained by the Fullerton Functional Fitness Test with standards developed by the authors test for the U.S. population. Results: In all trials conducted with Fullerton Test women got positive results after normalization to the mean and standard deviation of the U.S. population peers. The greatest variation among the test subjects compared to American standards test result was observed in flexion of the forearm. Conclusions: The tested listeners of UTW characterized a good level of physical fitness Fullerton The test evaluated in relation to American standards. According to the authors, developing standards for the test used in Polish conditions would contribute to a more reliable assessment of people over 60 years old.
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