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1
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UV-crosslinkable warm-melt pressure-sensitive adhesives based on acrylics

100%
Czech Z., Butwin A.
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
|
2010
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vol. 12
|
issue 4
58-61
EN
The target of this article is to show the preparation of new generation of UV-crosslinkable warm-melt acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) and the experimental test of their adhesive properties in comparison with typical conventional hot-melts adhesives. New generation of UV-crosslinkable acrylic warm-melts PSAs containing unsaturated photoinitiator, incorporated during polymerization process into polymer chain, and photoreactive diluents added to PSA systems after polymerization allows producing of wide range of self-adhesive materials, such as labels, mounting tapes, masking and splicing tapes, and sign and marking films.
2
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Polyurethane pressure-sensitive adhesives as raw materials for the manufacturing of protective films

100%
Łągiewczyk M., Czech Z.
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
|
2011
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vol. 13
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issue 1
47-50
EN
The present paper relates to water-borne polyurethane pressure-sensitive adhesives (PU-PSA) systems for self-adhesive protective films, and methods of their preparation. The typical protective films are self-adhesive films with excellent removability. Their manufacture is a film conversion process using common materials developed for the packaging industry (PVC and polyolefins). The most often used carrier for the constructions of protective films is PE. Polyurethane PSA layers are characterized by constant low peel adhesion between 3 and 5 N/2,5 cm.
3
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Development of photoreactive UV-crosslinkable solvent-free acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives coated at room temperature and used for removable and repositionable self-adhesive materials

100%
Czech Z., Butwin A.
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
|
2011
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vol. 13
|
issue 1
31-34
EN
The goal of this article is to review the development of photoreactive UV-crosslinkable acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) characterized by low viscosity, which can be coated at room temperature in the form of adhesive layers and are characterized by removable properties after UV-crosslinking. Surfactants and stearic acid have been used to improve the performance of the acrylic PSA, too. They are used for the manufacturing of removable and repositionable self-adhesive products, such as easy peel-able decorative films and wide range version of post-it articles.
4
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Oxidation of hexafluoropropylene to hexafluoropropylene oxide using oxygen

100%
Łągiewczyk M., Czech Z.
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
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2010
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vol. 12
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issue 2
1-3
EN
A method for pressure oxidation of hexafluoropropylene (HFP) to hexafluoropropylene oxide (HFPO), using oxygen, is presented. Oxidation was achieved in a batch-fed reactor at temperature range between 130 to 170°C. The influence of temperature and kind of solvents, such as 1,2,2-trichloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethane (CFC-113) and carbon tetrachloride on the yield of HFPO and the course of oxidation was investigated in preliminary studies. The maximum HFPO yield of approximately 83% was noticed.
5
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Butyl acrylate/4-acryloyloxy benzophenone copolymers as photoreactive UV-crosslinkable pressure-sensitive adhesives

100%
Czech Z., Butwin A.
|
EN
It has previously been shown that copolymers of butyl acrylate with 4-acryloyloxy benzophenone can be used as pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs). This paper presents the synthesis and application of a solvent-borne polymer system for the preparation of photoreactive UV-crosslinkable acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives. Butyl acrylate/benzophenone copolymers with molecular mass in the range 180 000 to 480 000 Dalton were prepared by carrying out free-radical solution polymerization. These copolymers were found to be tacky but in some cases to possess insufficient cohesive strength after UV-crosslinking to be useful as PSAs. The other copolymers resulted in materials with the balance of cohesive and adhesive characteristics required of good PSAs. Some of the parameters affecting the pressure-sensitive adhesive properties of the copolymers are the concentration of 4-acryloyloxy benzophenone, the molecular mass of the polymeric components, the UV-reactivity, and properties such as tack, peel adhesion, and cohesion.
6
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Removal of organic solvents for the purpose of manufacturing of solvent-free pressure-sensitive adhesives

81%
Czech Z., Milker R., Butwin A., Herko E.
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
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2008
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vol. 10
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issue 1
37-40
EN
The present report reports on the process of the removal of organic solvents in the polymerisation reactor, thin-layer evaporator, and twin-screw extruder for the production of the solvent-free acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSA). New applications and technical specifications stimulate the continuous development of new methods of manufacturing of non-solvent self-adhesives. The new synthesis of 100% acrylic systems includes solvent polymerisation and finally a removal of volatile organic compounds in a special extruder, polymerisation vessel or an industrial evaporator. The removal process requires controlling such relevant parameters as temperature, pressure and volatile organic compounds concentration.
7
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Polymerization shrinkage by investigation of uv curable dental restorative composites containing multifunctional methacrylates

81%
Świderska J., Czech Z., Kowalczyk A.
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
|
2013
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vol. 15
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issue 2
81-85
EN
Typical commercial restorative dental compositions in the form of medical resins contain in-organic fillers, multifunctional methacrylates and photoinitiators. The currently used resins for direct composite restoratives have been mainly based on acrylic chemistry to this day. The main problem with the application and radiation curing process is the shrinkage of photoreactive dental materials during and after UV curing. Shrinkage of restorative radiation curable dental composites is a phenomenon of polymerization shrinkage, typical behavior of multifunctional methacrylates during the polymerization process. The important factors in curing of dental composites are: the kind and concentration of the used methacrylate, its functionality, double bond concentration, the kind and concentration of the added photoinitiator and UV dose emitted by the UV-lamp. They are investigated multifunctional 1,3-butanediol dimethacrylate (1,3-BDDMA), diethylene glycol dimethacrylate (DEGDMA), triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TMPTMA), 2,2-bis-[4-(2-hydroxy-3-methacryxloyloxypropyl) phenyl]propane (Bis-GMA), ethoxylated Bis-GMA (EBPDMA) and dodecandiol dimethacrylate (DDDMA). Reduction of polymerization shrinkage of restorative dental compositions is at the moment a major problem of dental technology. This problem can be solved through an application of photoreactive non-tacky multifunctional methacrylates in the investigated dental adhesive fillings.
8
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Acrylic Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives Containing SiO2Nanoparticles

81%
Czech Z., Kowalczyk A., Ortyl J., Świderska J.
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
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2013
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vol. 15
|
issue 1
12-14
EN
The use of acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) is increasing in a variety of industrial fields. They have been applied in the manufacture of mounting tapes, self-adhesive labels, protective films, masking tapes, splicing tapes, carrier-free tapes, sign and marking films, and in diverse medical products, such as pads or self-adhesive bioelectrodes. In this study, the application of SiO2 nanoparticles in acrylic PSA was investigated. The properties of the newly synthesized and modified PSA were evaluated via the tack, peel adhesion, shear-strength and shrinkage. It has been found that the nanotechnologically-reinforced systems consisting of monodisperse non-agglomerated SiO2 nanoparticles and self-crosslinked acrylic PSAs showed a great enhancement in tack, peel adhesion, shear resistance and shrinkage, without showing the disadvantages known to result from the use of other inorganic additives. In this paper we evaluate the performance of SiO2 nanoparticles with a size of about 30 nm as inorganic filler into the synthesized solvent-borne acrylic PSA.
9
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Thermal decomposition of acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives

81%
Czech Z., Pełech R., Zych K.
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
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2009
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vol. 11
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issue 4
7-12
EN
The general aim of this article is to review the state of knowledge on pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) and pyrolysis. Recent research data in the field of pyrolysis gas- chromatography (Py-GC) analysis of acrylic PSAs are presented. First, PSA characteristics and applications, pyrolysis (including Py-GC) as an analytical method, and system solutions, are described. The latest scientific achievements in the analysis of thermal degradation products of acrylic PSAs are then presented.
10
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Thermal degradation of poly(alkyl methacrylates) and polyurethane pressure-sensitive adhesives

81%
Zych K., Pełech R., Czech Z.
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
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2010
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vol. 12
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issue 4
40-43
EN
Gas chromatography, coupled with the temperature controlled pyrolysis technique, can be used as a quick method of identification of polymers such as acrylates, methacrylates and polyurethanes. Polymers based on alkyl methacrylates are widely used as construction materials and coatings. Polyurethanes are widely used as self-adhesives, sealants and electrical products (due to polyurethane's low glass transition temperature Tg). The aim of this work is to investigate which products can be obtained from polymethacrylates and polyurethanes.
11
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Synthesis of photoreactive solvent-free acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives in the recovered system

81%
Milker R., Czech Z., Wesołowska M.
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
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2007
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vol. 9
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issue 2
5-9
EN
The present paper discloses a novel photoreactive solvent-free acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) systems, especially suitable for the so much adhesive film applications as the double-sided, single-sided or carrier-free technical tapes, self-adhesive labels, protective films, marking and sign films and wide range of medical products. The novel photoreactive solvent-free pressure-sensitive adhesives contain no volatile organic compounds (residue monomers or organic solvent) and comply with the environment and legislation. The synthesis of this new type of acrylic PSA is conducted in common practice by solvent polymerisation. After the organic solvent are removed, there remains a non-volatile, solvent-free highly viscous material, which can be processed on a hot-melt coating machine at the temperatures of about 100 to 140°C.
12
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Reducing of on Polymerization Shrinkage by Application of UV Curable Dental Restorative Composites

81%
Świderska J., Czech Z., Świderski W., Kowalczyk A.
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
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2014
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vol. 16
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issue 3
51-55
EN
This manuscript describes dental compositions contain in-organic fillers, multifunctional methacrylates and photoinitiators. The main problem by application and UV curing process is the shrinkage of photoreactive dental materials during and after UV curing process. Total shrinkage of UV curable dental composites is a phenomenon of polymerization shrinkage, typical behavior for multifunctional methacrylates during polymerization process. The important factors by curing of dental composites are: kind and concentration of used methacrylates, their functionality, double bond concentration, kind and concentration of added photoinitiator and UV dose. They are investigated UV-curable dental compositions based on 2,2-bis-[4-(2-hydroxy-3-methacryxloyloxypropyl)phenyl]propane (Bis-GMA) and containing such multifunctional monomers as 1,3-butanediol dimethacrylate (1,3-BDDMA), diethylene glycol dimethacrylate (DEGDMA), tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate (T3EGDMA), trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TMPTMA), polyethylene glycol 200 dimethacrylate (PEG200DA). Reduction of polymerization shrinkage of dental compositions is at the moment a major problem by dental technology.
13
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Electrically conductive acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives containing carbon black

71%
Czech Z., Pełech R., Kowalczyk A., Kowalski A., Wróbel R.
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
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2011
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vol. 13
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issue 4
77-81
EN
Acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSA) are non electrical conductive materials. The electrical conductivity is incorporated into acrylic self-adhesive polymer after adding electrically conductive additives like carbon black, especially nano carbon black. After an addition of electrical conductive carbon black, the main and typical properties of pressure-sensitive adhesives such as tack, peel adhesion and shear strength, are deteriorated. The investigations reveals that the acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives basis must be synthesised with ameliorated initial performances, like high tack, excellent adhesion and very good cohesion. Currently, the electrical conductive solvent-borne acrylic PSA containing carbon black are not commercially available on the market. They are promising materials which can be applied for the manufacturing of diverse technical high performance self-adhesive products, such as broadest line of special electrically conductive sensitive tapes.
14
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Influence of the unsaturated photoinitiators kind on the properties of uv-crosslinkable acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives

62%
Czech Z., Kowalczyk A., Górka K., Głuch U., Shao L., Świderska J.
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
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2012
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vol. 14
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issue 3
83-87
EN
UV-crossinkable pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSA) materials are called, in the adhesives trade photoreactive self-adhesive. UV-crosslinkable PSAs are designed after the UV-initiated crosslinking reaction to stick to almost any surface by a simple contact under light pressure. This special class of adhesives does not undergo any physical transformation or chemical reaction during the bonding process. Because of the rheological properties the adhesive must be fi nely tuned for the application, combining a carefully chosen polymer architecture and monomer composition with the proper addition of small additives called photoinitiators. The best way is using the unsaturated copolymerizable photoinitiators and their direct incorporation into polymer chain during the polymerization process. Progress in the coating technology and the development of novel photoreactive acrylic adhesives will open the door to new applications and an extended market penetration of UV-crosslinkable acrylic adhesive raw materials containing unsaturated copolymerizable photoinitiators incorporated into the polymer backbone. Photoreactive UV-crosslinkable acrylic PSA are characterized by good tack, good adhesion, excellent cohesion and very low shrinkage.
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