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1

Stem cells in nephrology: present status and future

100%
Watorek E., Klinger M.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
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2006
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vol. 54
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issue 1
45-50
EN
Stem cell biology is currently developing rapidly because of the potential therapeutic utility of stem cells. The ability to acquire any desired phenotype raises hope for regenerative therapies. Manipulation of these cells is a potentially valuable tool; however, the mechanisms of stem cell differentiation and plasticity are currently beyond our control. In the field of nephrology, the presence of adult kidney stem cells has been debated. Renal adult stem cells may be descendants of some early kidney progenitors or may be derived from bone marrow. Evidence of a hematopoietic stem-cell contribution to renal repair encourages the possibility of bone marrow or stem cell transplantation as a means of treating autoimmune glomerulopathies. The transplantation of fetal kidney tissue containing renal progenitors which then develop into functional nephrons is a step towards renal regeneration. According to recent reports, the development of functional nephrons from human mesenchymal stem cells in rodent whole-embryo culture is possible. Establishing in vitro self organs from autologous stem cells would be a promising therapeutic solution in light of the shortage of allogenic organs and the unresolved problem of chronic allograft rejection.
2

Wegener?s granulomatosis ? autoimmunity to neutrophil proteinase 3

81%
Watorek E., Boratynska M., Klinger M.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
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2003
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vol. 51
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issue 3
157-167
EN
Wegener?s granulomatosis is a small vessel vasculitis, associated with various clinical manifestations, among which the most common are respiratory tract disease and glomerulonephritis leading to renal failure. Pathogenesis of vascular injury in Wegener?s granulomatosis is ascribed to antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies directed (ANCA) mainly against proteinase 3, an enzyme from neutrophil granules. The reasons for breakdown of self-tolerance to proteinase 3 are unknown and together with molecular mechanisms underlying this immunoinflammation are the subject of research. Standard treatment of Wegener?s granulomatosis consists of cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids. In patients resistant to that therapy or with the refractory disease some alternative strategies involving tumor necrosis factor blocade, polyclonal antithymocyte globulin or monoclonal anti-T cell antibodies are applied.
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