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Effects of non-linear periodisation training on the explosive force and plasma testosterone

100%
Souza S., Vale R., Kauffmann A., Pacobahyba N., Miranda H., Lima R., Dantas E.
Biomedical Human Kinetics
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2010
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vol. 2
97-101
EN
Study aim: To evaluate the effects of two strength training programmes on the explosive force of lower extremities and total testosterone levels in plasma of Brazilian football players.Material and methods: A group of 24 male football players aged 16 - 19 years participated in a 12-week training: non-linear periodised (NLP) or non-periodised (NP), 12 subjects each. Before and after training period, all subjects performed countermovement vertical jump (CMJ), horizontal jump and Flegner's power test, and total testosterone concentrations were determined in plasma.Results: Significant, training-induced changes in CMJ were found in both groups; by 7.4% (p<0.05) in the NLP group and by 8% (p<0.001) in NP group. Also in the long jump (SBJ) significant (p<0.05) changes were noted in both groups, by 0.9 and 4.4%, respectively. Serum testosterone concentrations significantly (p<0.05 - 0.01) increased post-training in both groups and the increase was significantly (p<0.01) greater in the NLP than in NP group.Conclusion: A larger number of athletes in future studies, as well as other sport categories and levels and a longer training period would be advisable in order to strengthen the causal inferences between the variables studied.
2
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Acute effects of dropsets among different resistance training methods in upper body performance

100%
Melibeu Bentes C., Simão R., Bunker T., Rhea M. R., Miranda H., Matassoli Gomes T., Da Silva Novaes J.
Journal of Human Kinetics
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2012
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vol. 34
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issue 1
105-111
EN
The aim of this study was to compare the influence of including dropset exercises in different orders, both in the pre-exhaustion, as in the post-exhaustion method, and to analyze the performance of total work on the bench press and chest flying exercise. Twenty-two male volunteers with a recreational experience in ST were evaluated in six visits in non-consecutive days, at approximately the same time of the day. During the first visit, subjects signed an informed consent form and underwent an anthropometric evaluation and testing of 10RM. The second visit involved a re-test of 10RM. From third to sixth visits, the subjects were randomly grouped into the following experimental situations: 3rd Visit (V3 - Post-exhaustion): Bench Press (dropset) + Chest Flying (10RM); 4th visit (V4 - Post-exhaustion): Bench Press (10RM) + Chest Flying (dropset); 5th Visit (V5 - pre-exhaustion): Chest Flying (dropset) + Bench Press (10RM); 6th Visit (V6 - pre-exhaustion): Chest Flying (10RM) + Bench Press (dropset). The protocol of dropset was performed with 3 sets and no rest intervals 10RM + 80% 10RM + 60% 10RM. An interval between sets was adopted for 2 minutes. The primary results showed a significant difference in Total Work for visits V3 and V6, which was included in the dropset multiarticular exercises. These results suggest that the exercise order with the dropset method in the preexhaustion or post-exhaustion methods had an acute influence on Total Work.
3
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Influence of Inter-Set Stretching on Strength, Flexibility and Hormonal Adaptations

100%
Souza A. C., Melibeu Bentes C., Freitas de Salles B., Machado Reis V., Vilaça Alves J., Miranda H., Silva Novaes J. d.
Journal of Human Kinetics
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2013
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vol. 36
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issue 1
127-135
EN
Adequate levels of strength and flexibility are important for the promotion and maintenance of health and functional autonomy as well as safe and effective sports participation. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of 8 weeks of strength training with or without inter-set static stretching on strength, flexibility and hormonal adaptations of trained men. Sixteen trained men were randomly divided into 2 groups: the static stretching group (SSG) and passive interval group (PIG). All participants performed 24 training sessions 3 times a week. The test and retest of 8RM, strength, flexibility, cortisol and growth hormone concentration in pre and post test conditions were also evaluated. To compare the differences between and within groups in pre- and post-training tests, ANOVA with repeated measures was performed (SSGpre x SSGpost; PIGpre x PIGpost; SSGpost x PIGpost). An alpha level of p<0.05 was considered statistically significant for all comparisons. Both groups showed significant increases in strength (SSGpre vs. SSGpost; PIGpre vs. PIGpost) in the same exercises for leg extension (LE) and Low Row (LR). Specifically, in the SSG group, the parameters for LE were (p = 0.0015 and ES = 2.28 - Large), and the parameters for LR were (p = 0.002 and ES = 1.95 - Large). Moreover, in the PIG group, the parameters for LE were (p = 0.009 and ES = 1.95 - Large), and the parameters for LR were (p = 0.0001 and ES = 2.88 - Large). No differences were found between the groups (SSGpost vs. PIGpost). Both groups showed significant increases in flexibility but in different joints (SSGpre vs. SSGpost; PIGpre vs. PIGpost). In the SSG group, only three joints showed significant increases in flexibility: shoulder extension (p = 0.004 and ES = 1.76 - Large), torso flexion (p = 0.002 and ES = 2.36 - Large), and hip flexion (p = 0.001 and ES = 1.79 - Large). In the PIG group, only three joints showed increases in flexibility: horizontal shoulder abduction (p = 0.003 and ES = 2.07 - Large), hip flexion (p = 0.001 and ES = 2.39 - Large), and hip extension (p = 0.02 and ES = 1.79 - Large). In-between group analyses (SSGpost x PIGpost) revealed differences in two joints: shoulder extension (p = 0.001) and horizontal shoulder abduction (p = 0.001). Hormonal profiles showed no significant differences in cortisol secretion or growth hormone concentration. In conclusion, both studied strength protocols (with and without inter-set static stretching) resulted in flexibility and strength gains without an effect on the anabolic and catabolic hormonal profile.
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Effects of Resistance Exercise Order on the Number of Repetitions Performed to Failure and Perceived Exertion in Untrained Young Males

84%
Romano N., Vilaça-Alves J., Fernandes H. M., Saavedra F., Paz G., Miranda H., Simão R., Novaes J., Reis V.
Journal of Human Kinetics
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2013
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vol. 39
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issue 1
177-183
EN
Exercise order is an essential variable of resistance training (RT) programs which is usually related to repetition performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effect of different resistance exercise order on the number of repetitions performed to failure and related ratings of perceived exertion (RPE). Thirteen male adolescents (age: 14.46 ± 1.39 years, body height: 165.31 ± 12.75 cm, body mass: 58.73 ± 12.27 kg, estimated body fat: 21.32 ± 2.84%), without previous experience in RT, performed four resistance exercises: incline leg press (ILP), dumbbell lunge (DL), bench press (BP) and lying barbell triceps extension (TE) in two sequences - Sequence A (SEQA): ILP, DL, BP and TE; sequence B (SEQB): ILP, BP, DL and TE. The exercise sequences were performed in a randomized crossover design with a rest interval of 72h between sessions. Within-subjects analysis showed significant differences in the number of repetitions performed to failure in both sequences, but not in the RPE. Post-hoc tests revealed significant decrements in the number of repetitions from the first to the remaining exercises in both sequences. However, pairwise comparisons did not indicate significant differences between the same exercises performed in different sequences. In conclusion, the results of the current study in adolescents suggest that the main exercises should be performed at the beginning of the RT session.
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