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1
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ISOLATION OF CHITIN FROM APLYSINA AEROPHOBA USING A MICROWAVE APPROACH

100%
Klinger C., Żółtowska-Aksamitowska S., Jesionowski T.
Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives
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2019
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vol. 24
61 - 74
EN
Chitin of poriferan origin represents a unique renewable source of three-dimensional (3D) microtubular centimetre-sized scaffolds, which have recently been recognized as having applications in biomedicine, tissue engineering, and extreme biomimetics. The standard method of chitin isolation from sponges requires concentrated solutions of acids and bases and remains a time-consuming process (lasting up to seven days). Here, for the first time, we propose a new microwave-based express method for the isolation of chitinous scaffolds from the marine demosponge Aplysina aerophoba cultivated under marine farming conditions. Our method requires only 41% of the time of the classical process and does not lead to the deacetylation of chitin to chitosan. Alterations in microstructure and chemical composition due to the microwave treatment were investigated using various analytical approaches, including Calcofluor White staining, chitinase digestion, scattering electron microscopy, and Raman and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. It was demonstrated that microwave irradiation has no impact on the chemical composition of the isolated chitin.
2
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Dispersive evaluation and surface chemistry of advanced, multifunctional silica/lignin hybrid biomaterials

100%
Nowacka M., Klapiszewski Ł., Norman M., Jesionowski T.
Open Chemistry
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2013
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vol. 11
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issue 11
1860-1873
EN
Advanced silica/lignin hybrid biomaterials were obtained using hydrated or fumed silicas (Aerosil®200) and Kraft lignin as precursors, which is a cheap and biodegradable natural polymer. To extend the possible range of applications, the silicas were first modified with N-2-(aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxsysilane, and then with Kraft lignin, which had been oxidized with sodium periodate. The SiO2/lignin hybrids and precursors were characterised by means of determination of their physicochemical and dispersive-morphological properties. The effectiveness of silica binding to lignin was verified by FT-IR spectroscopy. The zeta potential value provides relevant information regarding interactions between colloid particles. Measurement of the zeta potential values enabled an indirect assessment of stability for the studied hybrid systems. Determination of zeta potential and density of surface charge also permitted the quantitative analysis of changes in surface charge, and indirectly confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed method for synthesis of SiO2/lignin hybrid materials. A particularly attractive feature for practical use is their stability, especially electrokinetic stability. It is expected that silica/lignin hybrids will find a wide range of applications (polymer fillers, biosorbents, electrochemical sensors), as they combine the unique properties of silica with the specific structural features of lignin. This makes these hybrids biomaterials advanced and multifunctional. [...]
3
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Lignosulfonate and silica as precursors of advanced composites

100%
Klapiszewski Ł., Nowacka M., Siwińska-Stefańska K., Jesionowski T.
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
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2013
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vol. 15
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issue 3
103-109
EN
Advanced silica/lignosulfonate composites were obtained using magnesium lignosulfonate and silica precipitated in a polar medium. For comparative purposes analogous synthesis was performed using commercial silica Aerosil®200. Lignosulfonates are waste products of paper industry and their application in new multifunctional materials is of great economic interest. The composites obtained were subjected to thorough characterization by determination of their physicochemical, dispersive-morphological and electrokinetic properties. Their particle size distribution was measured, SEM images were taken, FT-IR analysis and colorimetric study were made, thermal and electrokinetic stabilities and parameters of porous structure were also determined. The results can be of interest in further application studies
4
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Synthesis and characterization of a new hybrid TiO2/SiO2 filler for lithium conducting gel electrolytes

100%
Walkowiak M., Osińska M., Jesionowski T., Siwińska-Stefańska K.
Open Chemistry
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2010
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vol. 8
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issue 6
1311-1317
EN
This paper describes the synthesis and properties of a new type of ceramic fillers for composite polymer gel electrolytes. Hybrid TiO2-SiO2 ceramic powders have been obtained by co-precipitation from titanium(IV) sulfate solution using sodium silicate as the precipitating agent. The resulting submicron-size powders have been applied as fillers for composite polymer gel electrolytes for Li-ion batteries based on poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF/HFP) copolymeric membranes. The powders, dry membranes and gel electrolytes have been examined structurally and electrochemically, showing favorable properties in terms of electrolyte uptake and electrochemical characteristics in Li-ion cells.
5
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Lignosulfonate as a byproduct of wood pulp production: A potential precursor for the preparation of functional hybrid materials

100%
Klapiszewski Ł., Szalaty T. J., Szatkowski T., Jesionowski T.
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio AA – Chemia
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2016
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vol. 71
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issue 1
EN
Functional hybrid materials based on magnesium lignosulfonate and silica were obtained and characterized. Magnesium lignosulfonate is a common waste product of the wood pulp industry, while silica is a well-known inorganic material with exceptional physicochemical properties. In this study, silicas with a spherical particle shape were synthesized using a sol-gel method and alternatively in a nonpolar medium. Silica was found to improve the thermal and electrokinetic properties of the final products. The resulting lignosulfonate/silica hybrid materials were analyzed with the use of advanced techniques and measuring methods: scanning electron microscopy, a laser diffraction method enabling particle size measurements, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, thermogravimetry, electrophoretic light scattering, zeta potential measurements, low-temperature nitrogen sorption, and colorimetric analysis. The results enabled the hybrid materials to be characterized from the point of view of potential applications in various branches of industry (for example as polymer fillers, electroactive blends and biosorbents). We additionally indicate new methods for the utilization of waste products, a category to which lignosulfonate certainly belongs.
6
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Pigments precipitated from chromate post-galvanic solutions in emulsion systems

100%
Klapiszewska B., Krysztafkiewicz A., Jesionowski T.
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
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2007
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vol. 9
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issue 2
27-29
EN
Studies were conducted on the production of chromium(III) silicates, the green pro-ecological pigments. The pigments were precipitated from sodium silicate and chromium(III) sulphate solutions in the system of two emulsions prepared in hexane in the presence of a non-ionic surfactant as an emulsifier. The chromium(III) sulphate represented a reduction product of chromate(VI) compounds present in post-galvanic wastes. The reduction agent involved metanal in an acidic medium. The obtained products were subjected to a comprehensive physicochemical analysis, their dispersive and morphological properties were determined. The precipitated green products exhibiting intense colour, were uniform and their particles manifested a low tendency to form agglomerate structures.
7
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Physico-chemical and dispersive characterisation of magnesium oxides precipitated from the Mg(NO3)2and MgSO4solutions

100%
Pilarska A., Paukszta D., Ciesielczyk F., Jesionowski T.
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
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2010
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vol. 12
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issue 2
52-56
EN
An attempt was made to synthesise magnesium oxide of a high degree of dispersion permitting its use as adsorbent or catalyst. The synthesis method proposed was precipitation with the use of magnesium nitrate or magnesium sulfate. The influence of temperature, the mode and the rate of dosing, the concentration and the ratio of the reagents on the properties of the final product was analysed. Magnesium oxides were obtained by thermal decomposition of magnesium hydroxides and subjected to thorough analysis. The results permitted selection of the reaction systems ensuring synthesis of the final products of the desired properties.
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Evaluation of colloidal silica obtained via the co-precipitation method using octane as an organic phase

100%
Jesionowski T., Tepper B., Krysztafkiewicz A.
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
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2007
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vol. 9
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issue 4
1-4
EN
The studies were conducted on the production of silica from emulsion systems by co-precipitation from solutions of sodium metasilicate and hydrochloric acid and octane were used as an organic medium. The obtained products were subjected to a comprehensive physicochemical analysis in order to define their dispersive and morphological properties. Particle diameters and polydispersity were determined by the NIBS (non-invasive back scattering) method while the shape and morphology of the particles were established using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In order to determine the adsorptive properties of the obtained monodisperse silicas, isotherms of nitrogen adsorption/desorption on their surfaces were determined. Using the isotherms, also the specific surface area, the diameter and the volume of the pores were established. In order to define the hydrophilic/hydrophobic character of the products, profiles of wettability and of sedimentation in water were examined. The obtained products were well wettable with water and an increase in their weight depended on the amount of the applied surfactants. The particles of the precipitated silicas manifested a defined, spherical shape and showed a relatively low polydispersity.
9
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Synthesis of inorganic oxide composites with the use of postgalvanic waste solutions of copper(II) sulfate

100%
Modrzejewska-Sikorska A., Ciesielczyk F., Jesionowski T.
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
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2010
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vol. 12
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issue 2
46-51
EN
The study was undertaken to obtain an oxide composite (inorganic colourful pigment) in the method based on the use of postgalvanic waste solution of copper(II) sulfate. The conditions of the process of precipitation of synthetic CuOSiO2 were optimised by checking the effect of the concentration and the volume ratio of the reagents and the temperature on the physico-chemical parameters of the final product. The oxide composite obtained in the optimum conditions was characterised by high refinement of particles and large specific surface area BET of 326 m2/g.
10
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Silica synthesis by the sol-gel method and its use in the preparation of multifunctional biocomposites

100%
Klapiszewski Ł., Królak M., Jesionowski T.
Open Chemistry
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2014
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vol. 12
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issue 2
173-184
EN
This study focuses on the optimization process of silica synthesis using the sol-gel method while applying a statistical design of experiments which was based on a multilevel mathematical model. The product obtained in the process of optimized synthesis, characterized by the best dispersive and morphological parameters, was used for the preparation of organic/inorganic composites. The organic precursor was Kraft lignin, a high-molecular natural polymer. Synthesis of silica/lignin biocomposites was carried out by three proposed methods. The physicochemical properties and dispersive-morphological properties of each product were determined using the following available methods: Scanning Electron Microscopy - SEM, Non-Invasive Back-Scattering - NIBS, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy - FT-IR, Thermogravimetric analysis - TG and others. The electrokinetic and thermal properties of the biocomposites sufficed to be applied for example, as a cheap and biodegradable polymer filler. Further areas of application of these composites were sought, especially in electrochemistry as the advanced electrode materials.
11
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CHITIN NANOFIBRES AS REINFORCEMENT FOR HYDROXYAPATITE-BASED COMPOSITE PREPARATION

88%
Machałowski T., Kozłowski M., Kołodziejczak-Radzimska A., Jakubowicz J., Jesionowski T.
Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives
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2022
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vol. 27
162-174
EN
The development and improvement of chitin applications have drawn special attention from the global scientific community due to their extraordinary features and abundance. In this study, β-chitin nanofibres were obtained using the ultrasonication treatment method. Then, hydroxyapatite/nanochitin (HAp/NCh) composites were prepared at different maturation times. In this case, mixtures of various amounts of β-chitin nanofibres (1%, 2%, and 5%) were added during the HAp precipitation approach. The prepared HAp/NCh materials were characterised with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The surface of prepared specimens was observed using scanning electron microscopy. The presence of nanofibres was confirmed by non-invasive backscattering with dynamic light scattering particle size analysis. Moreover, the synergic effect of chitin nanofibres on the mechanical resistance of HAp-based composite was investigated. The sample with 5% of chitin nanofibres exhibited about 10 times higher compression strength than the pure HAp. All these results essentially indicate that the prepared material can be a potential candidate for bone tissue engineering applications and further development.
12
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Use of MgO to Promote the Oxyethylation Reaction of Lauryl Alcohol

88%
Pilarska A., Lukosek M., Siwińska-Stefańska K., Pilarski K., Jesionowski T.
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
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2014
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vol. 16
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issue 2
36-42
EN
Synthesis of magnesium hydroxide was performed by the precipitation method with the use of magnesium sulfate and sodium hydroxide. The infiuence of temperature and ratio of reagents was studied. Magnesium hydroxides, and the magnesium oxides obtained from them by thermal decomposition, were analyzed to determine their bulk density, polydispersity and particle size. The magnesium oxide with the largest surface area was tested as a catalyst in the oxyethylation of lauryl alcohol, and shown to be selective but poorly reactive in comparison with commercially available catalysts. Further studies are needed to improve its reactivity.
13
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Characterization of TiO2surface following the modification with silane coupling agents

76%
Jesionowski T., Siwińska-Stefańska K., Krysztafkiewicz A., Sójka-Ledakowicz J., Koprowska J., Pęczkowska B.
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
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2007
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vol. 9
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issue 4
72-76
EN
Studies were conducted on the modification of titanium white surface using selected silane coupling agents. The effect of the concentration of the organic coupling agents was examined (0.5; 1 or 3 weight parts per 100 weight parts of TYTANPOL R-003, TYTANPOL R-211 or TYTANPOL R-213 preparation of titanium white). The dispersive properties were determined by an estimation of the particle size distribution curves and of the polydispersity index. Moreover, microscopic observations were conducted permitting to evaluate the surface morphology of the modified TiO2 particles. The profiles of sedimentation in water were also determined for the titanium whites and the BET specific surface areas were determined. Selected samples of the modified and unmodified titanium whites were subjected to elemental analysis.
14
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The morphological and dispersive characterization of commercial titanium dioxides

76%
Jesionowski T., Siwińska-Stefańska K., Krysztafkiewicz A., Sójka-Ledakowicz J., Koprowska J., Lewartowska J.
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
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2007
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vol. 9
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issue 4
28-35
EN
The physicochemical and dispersive characterizations were conducted on the selected commercial titanium dioxides produced by, Z. Ch. POLICE, S. A. The dispersive properties were defined in detail by an analysis of particle size distribution and polydispersity index. Moreover, the microscope studies were executed to evaluate the surface morphology of the studied TiO2 forms. The profiles of titanium dioxides sedimentation in water were determined and the specific surface areas were defined by the BET method.
15
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A novel functional MgO ∙ SiO2/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane hybrids as an active filler of polypropylene

64%
Ambrożewicz D., Jakubowska P., Kloziński A., Nowacka M., Dudziec B., Andrzejewska E., Jesionowski T., Marciniec B.
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
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2013
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vol. 15
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issue 4
42-48
EN
New organic/inorganic hybrid fillers were obtained by mechanical modification of magnesium silicate with selected polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane and characterized afterwards. MgO ∙ SiO2 was precipitated in a water system. The effect of chemical modification of magnesium silicate surface on their physicochemical properties was determined. Functionalization was carried out with the use of different amount of (1-(3-hydroxypropyl)dimethylsiloxy- 3,5,7,9,11,13,15-hepta(isobutyl)pentacyclo-[9.5.1.13, 9.15, 15.17, 13]octasiloxane). The polypropylene composites of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 wt.% modified by 10 weight parts by the mass of the filler were also produced. For the obtained polypropylene composites measurements of the tensile strength, Young’s modulus and elongation at break were performed
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Immobilization ofAmano Lipase Aonto Stöber silica surface: process characterization and kinetic studies

64%
Zdarta J., Sałek K., Kołodziejczak-Radzimska A., Siwińska-Stefańska K., Szwarc-Rzepka K., Norman M., Klapiszewski Ł., Bartczak P., Kaczorek E., Jesionowski T.
Open Chemistry
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2015
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vol. 13
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issue 1
EN
The immobilization of Amano Lipase A from Aspergillus niger by adsorption onto Stöber silica matrix obtained by sol-gel method was studied. The effectiveness of the enzyme immobilization and thus the usefulness of the method was demonstrated by a number of physicochemical analysis techniques including Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), elemental analysis (EA), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), porous structure of the support and the products after immobilization from the enzyme solution with various concentration at different times. The analysis of the process’ kinetics allowed the determination of the sorption parameters of the support and optimization of the process. The optimum initial concentration of the enzyme solution was found to be 5 mg mL-1, while the optimum time of the immobilization was 120 minutes. These values of the variable parameters of the process were obtained by as ensuring the immobilization of the largest possible amount of the biocatalyst at
17
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Functional polypropylene composites filled with ultra-fine magnesium hydroxide

64%
Pilarska A., Bula K., Myszka K., Rozmanowski T., Szwarc-Rzepka K., Pilarski K., Chrzanowski Ł., Czaczyk K., Jesionowski T.
Open Chemistry
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2015
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vol. 13
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issue 1
EN
Magnesium hydroxide was prepared under controlled conditions from aqueous Mg(NO3)2 and NaOH solutions. The small, nanoplate-shaped particle size distribution was monomodal from 164 to 459 nm. Functional polypropylene/Mg(OH)2 and polypropylene/polypropylene 1% maleic anhydride/Mg(OH)2 composites were prepared containing 10% or 30% Mg(OH)2. The composites have a high Young’s modulus (twice that of polypropylene) and comparable tensile strength but less ductility. EDX examination of the fractured composite surfaces suggested a homogeneous Mg(OH)2 distribution for composites produced with the addition of polypropylene grafted with maleic anhydride. The polypropylene/Mg(OH)2 composites showed good antibacterial activity. The polypropylene/polypropylene 1% maleic anhydride/Mg(OH)2 composites were less effective.
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Silica/lignosulfonate hybrid materials: Preparation and characterization

64%
Klapiszewski Ł., Zdarta J., Szatkowski T., Wysokowski M., Nowacka M., Szwarc-Rzepka K., Bartczak P., Siwińska-Stefańska K., Ehrlich H., Jesionowski T.
Open Chemistry
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2014
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vol. 12
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issue 6
719-735
EN
The research reported here concerns the synthesis, characterization and potential applications of silica/lignosulfonate hybrid materials. Three types of silica were used (Aerosil®200, Syloid®244 and hydrated silica), along with magnesium lignosulfonate. The effectiveness of the hybrid material synthesis methodology was confirmed indirectly, using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental and colorimetric analysis. Dispersive-morphological analysis indicates that the products with the best properties were obtained using 10 parts by weight of magnesium lignosulfonate per 100 parts of Syloid®244 silica. The relatively high thermal stability recorded for the majority of the synthesized products indicates the potential use of this kind of a material as a polymer filler. Results indicating the high electrokinetic stability of the materials are also of great importance. Additionally, the very good porous structure properties indicate the potential use of silica/lignosulfonate systems as biosorbents of hazardous metal ions and harmful organic compounds.
19
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Renewable chitin from marine sponge as a thermostable biological template for hydrothermal synthesis of hematite nanospheres using principles of extreme biomimetics

52%
Wysokowski M., Petrenko I., Motylenko M., Langer E., Bazhenov V. V., Galli R., Stelling A. L., Kljajić Z., Szatkowski T., Kutsova V. Z., Stawski D., Jesionowski T.
Bioinspired Materials
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2014
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vol. 1
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issue 1
EN
Chitin originating from marine sponges possesses a unique nanofibrillar network structure that is the basic element of the microtubular scaffold-like skeleton of these organisms. Sponge chitin represents an intriguing example of thermostability, as it is stable up to 400 °C. It also constitutes a renewable biological source due to the high regeneration ability of Aplysina sponges under marine farming conditions. These properties can be exploited for the facile and environmentally friendly creation of novel, biocompatible organic-inorganic hybrid materials with a range of uses. Here, chitin-based scaffolds isolated from the skeleton of marine demosponge Aplysina aerophoba were used as a template for the in vitro formation of iron oxide from a saturated iron(III) chloride solution, under hydrothermal conditions (pH~1.5, 90 °C). The resultant chitin-Fe2O3 three dimensional composites, prepared for the first time via hydrothermal synthesis route, were thoroughly characterized using light, fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy; as well as with analytical methods like Raman spectroscopy, electron diffraction and HR-TEM. The results show that this versatile method allows for efficient chitin mineralization with respect to hematite. Additionally, we demonstrate that chitin nanofibers template the nucleation of uniform Fe2O3 nanocrystals.
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