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The use of the “eduball” educational ball in rural and urban primary schools and the physical fitness levels of children

100%
Cichy I., Rokita A.
Human Movement
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2012
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vol. 13
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issue 3
247-257
EN
Purpose. Our study aimed at assessing the effects of introducing a modified physical educational program that uses “eduball” educational balls during exercise, play-time and games on the physical fitness of first-grade primary school students. In addition, the study also took under consideration whether any noted changes depended on where the students lived, i.e., in an urban or rural environment. Methods. A total of 127 first-grade students were selected to participate in the pedagogical experiment, with 48 students from a primary school in an urban environment and 79 students from two primary schools located in rural villages. The physical fitness levels of the children were assessed by using selected batteries from the International Physical Fitness Test before and after implementing the “eduball” physical education program. Results. The results found that physical fitness levels were not affected by the use of the “eduball” educational ball, regardless of the environment. However, the physical fitness results of both the boys and girls in the rural experimental group may confirm that the activities that used the educational balls, which emphasize running, can have an impact on the motor development of children’s speed and agility skills. Conclusions. The boys from the urban experimental and urban control groups in both tests achieved better results than their peers from rural areas. However, this may be more strongly related to the overall higher physical fitness levels of the boys from an urban environment (as was found in the first test), rather than their place of residence or their schools’ sports facilities, which were found to be comparable. In the groups of girls, a somewhat different trend was observed, with girls from the urban environment performing better than girls from rural areas among the analyzed fitness variables in the first test, but with the differences leveling out by the second test.
2
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Secondary School Students’ Interest in Various Forms of Physical Activity

81%
Ściślak M., Rokita A., Popowczak M.
Human Movement
|
2013
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vol. 14
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issue 1
11-19
EN
Purpose. Students’ interest in various forms of physical activity (individual and team sports) is known to differ depending on sex, place of residence, age, the time of year, and many other factors. The aim of the present study was to further analyze this issue on a group of secondary school students and to search for relationships between interest in different sports and sex, age and the school they attend. Methods. A standardized diagnostic questionnaire was administered to 475 first-, second-, and thirdyear students attending two randomly chosen secondary schools in Wrocław, Poland. Results. Significant differences in the interests of the analyzed group were found in regards to sex, age, and school. Girls were more interested in dancing, swimming, downhill skiing and hiking. Boys preferred team sports, swimming, downhill skiing, and martial arts. Conclusions. It seems advisable to identify and implement which physical activities secondary school students find most interesting in existing physical education curriculum so as to help develop positive attitude towards physical culture in later life.
3
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Dependecies Between the Methods Used in Identifying Player Talent in the Game of Handball

81%
Machnacz W., Dudkowski A., Rokita A.
Human Movement
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2013
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vol. 14
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issue 1
41-47
EN
Purpose. One of the basic operational goals of early physical education is the early recognition of athletic potential in children. When examining the presence of talent, it is necessary to consider the specific nature of a given sport, especially if it is a team sport, and the fact that skill in playing a sport is determined not only by featuring a high level of applicable motor abilities. Within this context, the aim of this study was to determine what dependencies existed between the methods frequently used to assess talented children in the game of handball, specifically targeted sports and motor tests. The popularity of these diagnostic methods is based on the theory that achievement in sports is accompanied by a high level of physical ability. Therefore, the practical aim of the study was to improve the accuracy of recognizing and examining sports talent. Methods. A group of 21 twelve-year-old boys were recruited, all of whom were involved in a sports program that specialized in handball. Talent was identified by the observation, analysis, and interpretation of the participants’ (1) general physical ability - assessed by the Eurofit test battery, (2) targeted physical ability - measured by specific hardball skills such as moving with the ball, catching and passing the ball, and throwing the ball from a distance, and (3) innate in-game behavior - based on a ranking of thirteen behavioral categories exhibited during the course of a game. Results and conclusion. The correlation coefficients adopted in this study indicated a high dependency between the three methods used to identify potential talent in handball. This indicates that young athletes who score relatively well in one test are likely to attain positive results in the other two methods.
4
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Accuracy of Replicating Static Torque and its Effect on Shooting Accuracy in Young Basketball Players

81%
Struzik A., Rokita A., Pietraszewski B., Popowczak M.
Human Movement
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2014
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vol. 15
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issue 4
216-220
EN
Purpose. Accurate shooting in basketball is a prerequisite for success. Coordination ability, one of the abilities that determine the repeatability of accurate shooting, is based on kinesthetic differentiation. The aim of the study was to evaluate the strength component of kinesthetic differentiation ability and determine its relationship with shooting accuracy. Methods. Peak muscle torque of the elbow extensors under static conditions was measured in 12 young basketball players. Participants then reproduced the same movement at a perceived magnitude of 25%, 50%, and 75% of static peak torque, with error scores calculated as a measure of kinesthetic differentiation. The results were compared with players’ field goal percentages calculated during game play in a regional championship. Results. No statistically significant relationships were found between the level of kinesthetic differentiation ability and field goal percentage. Additionally, no upper limb asymmetry was found in the sample. Conclusions. The relatively high levels of elbow static peak torque suggest the importance of upper limb strength in contemporary basketball. The lack of a statistically significant difference between the right and left limbs decreases the risk of suffering injury. It is likely that choosing other suitable tests would demonstrate the relationships between field goal percentage and kinesthetic differentiation ability.
5
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DISTANCES COVERED ABOVE AND BELOW THE ANAEROBIC THRESHOLD BY PROFESSIONAL FOOTBALL PLAYERS IN DIFFERENT COMPETITIVE CONDITIONS

61%
Chmura P., Konefał M., Kowalczuk E., Andrzejewski M., Rokita A., Chmura J.
Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine
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2015
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vol. 10
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issue 2
25-31
EN
In modern endurance training information about an athlete’s performance below and above the anaerobic threshold is crucial. The aim of the present study was a comparative analysis of the total distance covered by football players in two rounds of the 2013/1014 playing season. Furthermore, the study also assessed the performance of elite Bundesliga players during competitive matches, above and below the running speed of 4 m·s –1, corresponding to the level of anaerobic threshold (AT). The players’ mean body height was 183.00 ±6.44 cm, body mass 78.19 ±7.42 kg, and mean age was 27.99 ±3.47 years. The analysis was carried using the Impire AG motion analysis system on the basis of official match reports from the Deutscher Fußball-Bund (DFB). The study revealed that the total distance covered by the players in match-play was significantly shorter in the second round of the playing season. The distance covered by the players below the AT is significantly shorter in the spring round than in the autumn round, while the distance covered above the AT shows a reverse, although non-significant tendency. In the spring round the volume of players’ work performed above the anaerobic threshold is greater than the volume of exercise performed below the AT.
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