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Spatial Modeling of Coastline Change for Two Decades (1994-2014) in Pangandaran, West Java - Indonesia

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Harahap S. A., Nurruhwati I., Purba N. P., Gamma M.
World News of Natural Sciences
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2022
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vol. 41
1078-122
EN
Coastal areas are very vulnerable to various pressures, developments, and changes. In the last three decades, due to the process of abrasion and accretion, there have been changes in coastlines in various coastal areas in Indonesia. Coastal abrasion and accretion are major concerns in coastal management. Morphological changes have had a major impact on land use and the socio-economic development of communities in coastal areas. In connection with this issue, it is necessary to conduct a study that aims to determine the rate and location of coastline changes in Pangandaran Regency. Considering that Pangandaran Regency is one of the southern regions of Java which is directly facing the Indian Ocean it has high coastal dynamics. In addition, Pangandaran beach is a beach tourism destination that is quite well known and has the potential to be developed, but in some locations, there are indications of a significant decline in the coastline. In this study, Landsat satellite images in time series (1994-2014) were analyzed using remote sensing technology and GIS approaches. Analysis of coastline change was carried out using the DSAS program. The results of the study show that the coastline change in Pangandran is dominated by abrasion at a rate of about -2.5 to -0.1 meters/year. The rate of change of the Pangandaran coastline which experienced the highest abrasion was -4.7 meters/year and the lowest was -0.1 meters/year, while the highest accretion rate was 40.1 meters/year and the lowest was 0.1 meters/year. Maximum abrasion is located at Sukaresik village (Sidamulih Sub-district) at the mouth of the Karang Tirta River. The minimum abrasion is located at Pananjung village. Meanwhile, accretion occurred in several villages such as Pananjung Village, Wonoharjo Village (Pangandaran Sub-district), Balogo Village (Kalipucang Sub-district), Kerta Mukti Village (Cimerak Sub-district), and Cikambulan Village (Sidamulih Sub-district). Minimum accretion is located at Pananjung village and maximum accretion is located at Bagolo village near the estuary of Citanduy River.
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Diseases prevalence of Acropora corals: Study on Semak Daun Island, Seribu Islands, Jakarta

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Harahap S. A., Fadhil F., Sunarto S.
World News of Natural Sciences
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2021
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vol. 34
113-126
EN
Coral reefs have undergone significant degradation as a result of the impact of human disturbance and natural factors on biodiversity and ecosystem function. The impacts ranged from an increase in the appearance of coral bleaching, coral disease, to coral death. Especially for coral disease, it is confirmed that it has contributed to the reduction of live coral cover and the productivity of coral reef ecosystems. The coral disease can be epidemic due to environmental pressures, both anthropogenic and natural, as well as infection from pathogenic microbes. Recently in several places, including Semak Daun Island, Seribu Islands-Jakarta, it was reported that the condition of coral reef cover had increased. However, a high percent of coral cover can increase disease prevalence and abundance. Acropora coral is a type of coral that is commonly found on Semak Daun Island. However, these corals are very susceptible to stress so that the threat of disease is high. So it is necessary to conduct a study that aims to determine the type and prevalence of diseases that disturb Acropora coral in Semak Daun Island, Seribu Islands, Jakarta. The field survey was carried out for coral observation using the line transect method at four stations. Coral disease identification refers to the Coral Disease Handbook and Underwater Cards for Assessing Coral Health. Observation objects, both coral species, and signs of disease were documented using underwater cameras. The study results indicate that 15 types of Acropora corals were dominated by A. humilis. Meanwhile, two groups of diseases were found, namely Tissue loss - Predation caused by the COTS and Drupella, while those from the Compromised Health group included RFA, SD, and Sponges.
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The condition of seagrass meadow in the waters of Kelapa Dua Island, Seribu Islands, Jakarta, Indonesia

100%
Harahap S. A., Prihadi D. J., Gussaoki R. A.
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vol. 44
215-230
EN
Seagrass is a higher-level plant that can live immersed in water in the aquatic environment near the coast. Seagrass colonies form a seagrass ecosystem that functions as a support in coastal waters which is strongly influenced by processes that occur in the sea and land. This ecosystem has a function as a primary producer, a recycler of nutrients, and a stabilizer of the bottom of the waters, as a habitat for biota, a place for spawning, a place for nurturing and foraging for various marine biota, and can protect the coast from the erosion process because it functions as a wave absorber and traps sediments. The field survey was conducted in April 2014 for seagrass observations and measurement of water condition parameters. The purpose of this study was to determine the types and conditions of seagrass on Kelapa Dua Island. The quadrant transect method was applied to seagrass observations carried out at 3 stations with each station consisting of 9 1m × 1m quadrant transect plots, then analyzed using a descriptive-quantitative approach. The results of the measurement of water quality parameters in the form of temperature ranged from 30.30 – 32.60 °C, the salinity of the waters in this study was in the range of 31.70 – 35.70‰. The pH value ranges from 7.40 – 7.75. DO levels ranged from 6.30 – 6.90 mg·L-1. The nutrients in the form of N and P were in the range of 1.19 - 1.79 mg·L-1 and 0.22 - 0.25 mgL-1, respectively. Meanwhile, seagrass observations found three types of seagrass, namely H. uninervis, T. hemperichii, and H. ovalis. The lowest percentage of seagrass cover was at station 1, which was 7.8% and the highest was at station 2, which was 36.11% with a diversity index ranging from zero to 0.94. The type of sediment at the research site has the characteristics of gravel sand.
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