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Effects of sauna bath on the cardiovascular system

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Sawicka A., Brzostek T., Kowalski R.

Sauna is a form of biomedical regeneration consisting of consecutive exposure to two opposite thermal agents. Firstly, during sauna bath, a person is exposed to high temperature (ranging from 70 to100 °C) at low relative humidity. Secondly, thermal exposure is followed by body cooling. One sauna bath consists of two or three repeated cycles of heat exposure followed by cooling off. Sauna can be applied in sport, recreation and therapy. The aim of this publication is to present cardiovascular changes elicited by the sauna bath. High temperature induces cutaneous vasodilation and, consequently, an incerase in cutaneous blood flow. Myocardial contractility and heart rate increase. These changes lead to alterations of blood pressure and cardiac output. Abnormalities of the electrocardiogram pattern, changes in activity of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and blood rheological properties are observed. Cardiovascular responses to sauna bath depend both on the mode and intensity of warming and the applied methods of cooling. The risk of the sauna bath-related cardiovascular complications in healthy persons is small. Nevertheless, it is higher in individuals, who apply excessive heat exposure in order to reduce the body mass or combine sauna bathing with physical effort or alcohol consumption. However, sauna bathing in patients with cardiovascular disease should be used cautiously and preceded by individual assessment of potential risks, considering concomitant medication and the methods of both heat exposure and, especially, cooling off.

Analysis of genes involved in response to doxorubicin and a GD2 ganglioside-specific 14G2a monoclonal antibody in IMR-32 human neuroblastoma cells

52%

Horwacik I., Durbas M., Boratyn E., Sawicka A., Węgrzyn P., Krzanik S., Górka A., Drożniak J., Augustyniak E., Kowalczyk A., Rokita H.

2015

vol. 62

issue 3

423-433

Neuroblastoma is the most common extra-cranial solid tumor of childhood and it is characterized by the presence of a glycosphingolipid, GD2 ganglioside. Monoclonal antibodies targeting the antigen are currently tested in clinical trials. Additionally, several research groups reported results revealing that ganglioside-specific antibodies can affect cellular signaling and cause direct cytotoxicity against tumor cells. To shed more light on gene expression signatures of tumor cells, we used microarrays to analyze changes of transcriptome in IMR-32 human neuroblastoma cell cultures treated with doxorubicin (DOX) or a mouse monoclonal antibody binding to GD2 ganglioside 14G2a (mAb) for 24 h. The obtained results highlight that disparate cellular pathways are regulated by doxorubicin and 14G2a. Next, we used RT-PCR to verify mRNA levels of selected DOX-responsive genes such as RPS27L, PPM1D, SESN1, CDKN1A, TNFSF10B, and 14G2a-responsive genes such as SVIL, JUN, RASSF6, TLX2, ID1. Then, we applied western blot and analyzed levels of RPS27L, PPM1D, sestrin 1 proteins after DOX-treatment. Additionally, we aimed to measure effects of doxorubicin and topotecan (TPT) and 14G2a on expression of a novel human NDUFAF2 gene encoding for mimitin protein (MYC-induced mitochondrial protein) and correlate it with expression of the MYCN gene. We showed that expression of both genes was concomitantly decreased in the 14G2a-treated IMR-32 cells after 24 h and 48 h. Our results extend knowledge on gene expression profiles after application of DOX and 14G2a in our model and reveal promising candidates for further research aimed at finding novel anti-neuroblastoma targets.

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1 Acta Biochimica Polonica

1 Medical Rehabilitation

1 2015

1 2007

2 Sawicka A.

1 Augustyniak E.

1 Boratyn E.

1 Brzostek T.

1 Drożniak J.

1 Durbas M.

1 Górka A.

1 Horwacik I.

1 Kowalczyk A.

1 Kowalski R.

1 Krzanik S.

1 Rokita H.

1 Węgrzyn P.

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Effects of sauna bath on the cardiovascular system

Analysis of genes involved in response to doxorubicin and a GD2 ganglioside-specific 14G2a monoclonal antibody in IMR-32 human neuroblastoma cells