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Growth and Characterization of Vanadate Laser Crystals

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EN
Based on the invention and widely application of the Czochralski pulling method, vanadate crystals have been grown and commercialized in recent decades. In this paper, the growth and characterization of a series of neodymium doped vanadate crystals have been reviewed, including Nd:YVO_4, Nd:GdVO_4, and Nd:LuVO_4. The excellent thermal-mechanical and laser property make them to be used in many respects.
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vol. 51
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issue 2
115-121
EN
One hundred wheat lines, derived from monosomic additions of chromosome 1R of rye inbred line R12 (Chinese rye), were detected by PCR amplification using rye-specific primer pairs. Only 5 wheat lines, 1R296, 1R330, 1R314, 1R725, and 1R734, were determined to contain rye chromatin. While 1R296 and 1R330 were highly susceptible to stripe rust and powdery mildew, 1R314, 1R725 and 1R734 were highly resistant to both diseases. Acid-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the ?secalin bands were absent in 1R314, but present in the other 4 wheat lines. Genomic in situ hybridization indicated that 1R296, 1R330, and 1R725 contained translocations involving the whole short arm of chromosome 1R. However, 1R314 and 1R734 contained a pair of wheat chromosomes with small, terminal, rye-derived chromosome segments. The results suggest that the translocation breakpoint of 1RS in 1R314 was located between the Sec-1 locus and the disease-resistance loci, while in line 1R734, the breakpoint was located between the Sec-1 locus and the centromere. Taking account of the improved disease resistance of 1R725, 1R314 and 1R734, the chromosome arm 1RS of R12 may represent new and valuable disease resistance resources for wheat improvement.
EN
The spin Hamiltonian parameters (g factors g_{∥ }, g_{⊥} and the hyperfine structure constants A_{∥ }, A_{⊥}) and the local structures for the two tetragonal Cu^{2+} centers I and II in Ca(OH)_2 are theoretically studied from the perturbation formulae of these parameters for a 3d^9 ion under tetragonally elongated octahedra. The [Cu(OH)_6]^{4-} clusters on the substitutional Ca^{2+} site are found to suffer the relative elongations by about 0.083 Å and 0.065 Å for centers I and II, respectively, along the C_4 axis due to the Jahn-Teller effect. The above tetragonal elongations may entirely depress the original trigonal distortion of the host Ca^{2+} site in Ca(OH)_2. The calculated spin Hamiltonian parameters based on the above Jahn-Teller elongations show good agreement with the experimental results. The EPR spectra and the local structures for the two centers are compared with one another.
EN
Some research has been done on making the compact, portable pulse forming line. A kind of ceramic and a kind of newly developed composite polymer are both used as the dielectric of the planar pulse forming line. The ceramic's dielectric constant ranges from 200 to 600 and the composite polymer's dielectric constant ranges from 100 to 200. It is easier to manufacture the large composite polymer dielectric bulks than to manufacture the ceramic bulks. In the experiments, using the large composite polymer bulk as the dielectric, the planar Blumlein line generated the pulse up to 100 kV with duration 90 ns. Using the ceramic bulk as the dielectric, the planar line generated the voltage pulse up to 60 kV with duration 92 ns.
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