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1

The dog genome map and its use in mammalian comparative genomics

100%
Switonski M., Szczerbal I., Nowacka J.
Journal of Applied Genetics
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2004
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vol. 45
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issue 2
195-214
EN
The dog genome organization was extensively studied in the last ten years. The most important achievements are the well-developed marker genome maps, including over 3200 marker loci, and a survey of the DNA genome sequence. This knowledge, along with the most advanced map of the human genome, turned out to be very useful in comparative genomic studies. On the one hand, it has promoted the development of marker genome maps of other species of the family Canidae (red fox, arctic fox, Chinese raccoon dog) as well as studies on the evolution of their karyotype. But the most important approach is the comparative analysis of human and canine hereditary diseases. At present, causative gene mutations are known for 30 canine hereditary diseases. A majority of them have human counterparts with similar clinical and molecular features. Studies on identification of genes having a major impact on some multifactorial diseases (hip dysplasia, epilepsy) and cancers (multifocal renal cystadenocarcinoma and nodular dermatofibrosis) are advanced. Very promising are the results of gene therapy for certain canine monogenic diseases (haemophilia, hereditary retinal dystrophy, mucopolysaccharidosis), which have human equivalents. The above-mentioned examples prove a very important model role of the dog in studies of human genetic diseases. On the other hand, the identification of gene mutations responsible for hereditary diseases has a substantial impact on breeding strategy in the dog.
2

Use of RAPD technique in evolution studies of four species in the family Canidae

100%
Stepniak E., Zagalska M. M., Switonski M.
Journal of Applied Genetics
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2002
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vol. 43
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issue 4
489-499
EN
The RAPD-PCR technique was applied to identify genetic markers able to distinguish between four canid species: the arctic fox (Alopex lagopus), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), Chinese raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides procyonoides) and six breeds of the domestic dog (Canis familiaris). A total of 29 ten-nucleotide arbitrary primers were screened for their potential use in the differentiation of these species. Ten primers amplified RAPD profiles that made it possible to distinguish between the investigated taxa. A number of species-specific bands was scored within RAPD profiles produced by these primers: 35.6% of all the polymorphic bands were unique to the Chinese raccoon dog, 29.6% were unique to the domestic dog, 21.2% were diagnostic for the red fox and 13.6% for the arctic fox. No breed-specific fragments were amplified from canine DNA; however, three primers produced bands characteristic for the dog, but not present in all of the investigated breeds. A Neighbor-Joining tree constructed on the basis of the analysis of RAPD profiles amplified by six primers revealed that the phylogenetic distance between the dog and the arctic fox is larger than the distance between the dog and the red fox. The phylogenetic branch of the Chinese raccoon dog was the most distinct on the dendrogram, suggesting that this species belongs to a different phylogenetic lineage. Obtained results make it possible to conclude that RAPD analysis can be a powerful tool for developing molecular markers useful in distinguishing between species of the family Canidae and for studying their phylogenetic relations.
3

Conditions and perspectives of agrobiotechnology development in Poland

100%
Legocki A. B., Grajek W., Switonski M., Twardowski T.
Biotechnologia
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1995
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issue 1
11-17
EN
The report describes biotechnological aspects of plant and animal breeding, food production and legal regulations in Poland.The conditions and perspectives of development are discussed.
4

Polymorphism of nine canine-derived microsatellites in farm silver foxes (Vulpes fulvus)

100%
Zajac M., Klukowska J., Slomski R., Switonski M.
Journal of Applied Genetics
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2000
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vol. 41
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issue 1
43-50
EN
Polymorphism of nine canine-derived microsatellites (CPH1, CPH3, CPH6, CPH11, 2004, 2010, 2140,2168 and 2319) was studied in a group of 91 unrelated silver foxes kept on a commercial farm. Among the studied microsatellites two appeared to be dimorphic (CPH1 and 2140) and another two (2010 and 2319) were highly polymorphic, with PIC (Polymorphic Information Content) values of 0.775 and 0.692, respectively. Other five microsatellites demonstrated medium polymorphism and the PIC values ranged from 0.548 to 0.616. It was calculated that if all the studied markers were applied for paternity testing, then combined exclusion probability would be 0.989. Microsatellite polymorphisms in the silver fox, blue fox and dog were compared and tendency toward longer alleles in the dog was revealed. It was confirmed that canine-derived microsatellites can be successfully applied for parentage control and genome mapping in silver foxes.
5

Chromosomal localization of 13 candidate genes for human obesity in the pig genome

100%
Nowacka-Woszuk J., Szczerbal I., Fijak-Nowak H., Switonski M.
Journal of Applied Genetics
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2008
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vol. 49
|
issue 4
373-377
EN
Thirteen candidate genes for human obesity were selected for cytogenetic mapping by FISH in the pig genome. Among them, 6 genes were assigned to chromosomes for the first time (NR3C1, GNB3, ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3 and UCP1). Location of the other 7 genes (INSIG2, LIPIN1, PLIN, NAMPT, ADIPOQ, UCP2 and UCP3), earlier mapped by somatic cell hybridization or with the use of a radiation hybrid panel, was verified (INSIG2) or more precisely described. The genes were assigned to the following chromosomes: INSIG2 to SSC15q12, LIPIN1 to SSC3q26, NR3C1 to SSC2q29, PLIN to SSC7q15, GNB3 to SSC5q21, NAMPT to SSC9q23, ADIPOQ to SSC13q41, ADRB1 to SSC14q28, ADRB2 to SSC2q29, ADRB3 to SSC15q13-14, UCP1 to SSC8q21-22, and both UCP2 and UCP3 to SSC9p24. Most of the genes were located within known QTL for pig fatness traits.
6

Cytognetic analysis of beef cattle

100%
Rejduch B., Slota E., Switonski M.
|
EN
A karyotpe analysis of 565 pedigree beef cattle was carried out as part of cytogenetic studies conducted at the Department of Immuno- and Cytogenetics of the National Research Institute of Animal Production.Using CBG-, GTG- and RBA- binding techniques, 16 cases of the 1;29 Robertsonian translocation were diagnosed in the Charolais breed (two bulls) and hybrids from the Blonde d' Aquitane bulls (4 bulls and 10 heifers).A homozygous form of translocation was identifiedin one heifer.A testicular biopsy and meiotic chromosome analysis were carried out in a bull-carrier of the 1;29 translocation .The presence of a trivalent, characteristic of a centric fusion, was observed.The population under study also showed XX/XY leucocytic chimerism in two young bulls.
7

A low-level X chromosome mosaicism in mares, detected by chromosome painting

100%
Wieczorek M., Switonski M., Yang F.
|
|
issue 2
205-209
EN
Fluorescence in situ hybridization with the use of the equine X whole chromosome painting probe was carried out on chromosome spreads originating from three mares with poor reproductive performance (infertility, miscarriage or stillbirth). The numbers of analysed spreads were high (105, 300 and 480) and in all three mares a low frequency of mosaicism was identified. The mares had the following karyotypes: 64,XX/63,X/65,XXX (93.6%/5.7%/0.7%), 64,XX/63,X (98.9%/1.1%) and 64,XX/63,X (94.3%/5.7%). The incidence and importance of the low percentage X chromosome mosaicism are discussed.
8

Genetics of fat tissue accumulation in pigs: a comparative approach

88%
Switonski M., Stachowiak M., Cieslak J., Bartz M., Grzes M.
|
|
vol. 51
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issue 2
153-168
EN
Fatnness traits are important in pig production since they influence meat quality and fattening efficiency. On the other hand, excessive fat accumulation in humans has become a serious health problem due to worldwide spread of obesity. Since the pig is also considered as an animal model for numerous human diseases, including obesity and metabolic syndrome, comparative genomic studies may bring new insights into genetics of fatness/obesity. Input of genetic factors into phenotypic variability of these traits is rather high and the heritability coefficient (h2) of these traits oscillates around 0.5. Genome scanning revealed the presence of more than 500 QTLs for fatness in the pig genome. In addition to QTL studies, many candidate gene polymorphisms have been analyzed in terms of their associations with pig fatness, including genes encoding leptin (LEP) and its receptor (LEPR), insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2), fatty acid-binding proteins (FABP3 and FABP4), melanocortin receptor type 4 (MC4R), and the FTO (fat mass and obesity-associated) gene. Among them, a confirmed effect on pig fatness was found for a well-known polymorphism of the IGF-2 gene. In humans the strongest association with predisposition to obesity was shown for polymorphism of the FTO gene, while in pigs such an association seems to be doubtful. The development of functional genomics has revealed a large number of genes whose expression is associated with fat accumulation and lipid metabolism, so far not studied extensively in terms of the association of their polymorphism with pig fatness. Recently, epigenomic mechanisms, mainly RNA interference, have been considered as a potential source of information on genetic input into the fat accumulation process. The rather limited progress in studies focused on the identification of gene polymorphism related with fatness traits shows that their genetic background is highly complex.
9

Robertsonian translocation (8;14) in an infertile bitch (Canis familiaris)

88%
Switonski M., Szczerbal I., Skorczyk A., Yang F., Antosik P.
Journal of Applied Genetics
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2003
|
vol. 44
|
issue 4
525-527
EN
A new case of a Robertsonian translocation diagnosed in an infertile bitch of West Highland White Terrier breed is reported. Cytogenetic analyses were performed with the use of Giemsa staining, Q-, C- and Ag-I banding techniques and FISH with canine whole X chromosome paint. The karyotype of this bitch was described as 77,XX der (8;14)(q10;q10).
10

Cytogenetic mapping of DGAT1, PPARA, ADIPOR1 and CREB genes in the pig

64%
Szczerbal I., Lin L., Stachowiak M., Chmurzynska A., Mackowski M., Winter A., Flisikowski K., Fries R., Switonski M.
Journal of Applied Genetics
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2007
|
vol. 48
|
issue 3
73-76
EN
In the present study we show FISH localization of 4 porcine BAC clones harbouring potential candidate genes for fatness traits: DGAT1 (SSC4p15), PPARA (SSC5p15), ADIPOR1 (SSC10p13) and CREB (SSC15q24). Until now the CREB and ADIPOR1 genes are considered to be monomorphic, DGAT1 is highly polymorphic, while for the PPARA gene only 1 SNP was identified. Assignment of the studied genes in relation to QTL chromosome regions for meat quality in pig chromosomes SSC4, SSC5, SSC10 and SSC15 is discussed.
11

Cytogenetic mapping of DGAT1, PPARA, ADIPOR1 and CREB genes in the pig

64%
Szczerbal I., Lin L., Stachowiak M., Chmurzynska A., Mackowski M., Winter A., Flisikowski K., Fries R., Switonski M.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
2007
|
vol. 48
|
issue 1
73-76
EN
In the present study we show FISH localization of 4 porcine BAC clones harbouring potential candidate genes for fatness traits: DGAT1 (SSC4p15), PPARA (SSC5p15), ADIPOR1 (SSC10p13) and CREB (SSC15q24). Until now the CREB and ADIPOR1 genes are considered to be monomorphic, DGAT1 is highly polymorphic, while for the PPARA gene only 1 SNP was identified. Assignment of the studied genes in relation to QTL chromosome regions for meat quality in pig chromosomes SSC4, SSC5, SSC10 and SSC15 is discussed.
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